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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, November 1998, p. 2863-2869, Vol. 42, No. 11
0066-4804/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Sordarins: In Vitro Activities of New Antifungal Derivatives against Pathogenic Yeasts, Pneumocystis carinii, and Filamentous Fungi

E. Herreros,1 C. M. Martinez,1 M. J. Almela,1 M. S. Marriott,2 F. Gomez De Las Heras,1 and D. Gargallo-Viola1,*

Glaxo Wellcome S.A., 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain,1 and Glaxo Wellcome SpA, 37100 Verona, Italy2

Received 3 August 1998/Returned for modification 27 August 1998/Accepted 4 September 1998

GM 193663, GM 211676, GM 222712, and GM 237354 are new semisynthetic derivatives of the sordarin class. The in vitro antifungal activities of GM 193663, GM 211676, GM 222712, and GM 237354 against 111 clinical yeast isolates of Candida albicans, Candida kefyr, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, and Cryptococcus neoformans were compared. The in vitro activities of some of these compounds against Pneumocystis carinii, 20 isolates each of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus, and 30 isolates of emerging less-common mold pathogens and dermatophytes were also compared. The MICs of GM 193663, GM 211676, GM 222712, and GM 237354 at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC90s) were 0.03, 0.03, 0.004, and 0.015 µg/ml, respectively, for C. albicans, including strains with decreased susceptibility to fluconazole; 0.5, 0.5, 0.06, and 0.12 µg/ml, respectively, for C. tropicalis; and 0.004, 0.015, 0.008, and 0.03 µg/ml, respectively, for C. kefyr. GM 222712 and GM 237354 were the most active compounds against C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Against C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis, the MIC90s of GM 222712 and GM 237354 were 0.5 and 4 µg/ml and 1 and 16 µg/ml, respectively. The MIC90s of GM 222712 and GM 237354 against Cryptococcus neoformans were 0.5 and 0.25 µg/ml, respectively. GM 193663, GM 211676, GM 222712, and GM 237354 were extremely active against P. carinii. The efficacies of sordarin derivatives against this organism were determined by measuring the inhibition of the uptake and incorporation of radiolabelled methionine into newly synthesized proteins. All compounds tested showed 50% inhibitory concentrations of <0.008 µg/ml. Against A. flavus and A. fumigatus, the MIC90s of GM 222712 and GM 237354 were 1 and 32 µg/ml and 32 and >64 µg/ml, respectively. In addition, GM 237354 was tested against the most important emerging fungal pathogens which affect immunocompromised patients. Cladosporium carrioni, Pseudallescheria boydii, and the yeast-like fungi Blastoschizomyces capitatus and Geotrichum clavatum were the most susceptible of the fungi to GM 237354, with MICs ranging from <= 0.25 to 2 µg/ml. The MICs of GM 237354 against Trichosporon beigelii and the zygomycetes Absidia corymbifera, Cunninghamella bertholletiae, and Rhizopus arrhizus ranged from <= 0.25 to 8 µg/ml. Against dermatophytes, GM 237354 MICs were >= 2 µg/ml. In summary, we concluded that some sordarin derivatives, such as GM 222712 and GM 237354, showed excellent in vitro activities against a wide range of pathogenic fungi, including Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, P. carinii, and some filamentous fungi and emerging invasive fungal pathogens.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Glaxo Wellcome S.A., Parque Tecnológico de Madrid, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain. Phone: 34-91-8070301. Fax: 34-91-8070595. E-mail: DGV28867{at}GlaxoWellcome.CO.UK.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, November 1998, p. 2863-2869, Vol. 42, No. 11
0066-4804/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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