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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, December 1998, p. 3179-3186, Vol. 42, No. 12
0066-4804/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Inhibition of Human Hepatitis B Virus Replication by AT-61, a Phenylpropenamide Derivative, Alone and in Combination with (-)beta -L-2',3'-Dideoxy-3'-Thiacytidine

Robert W. King,* Stephanie K. Ladner, Thomas J. Miller, Katie Zaifert, Robert B. Perni, Sameul C. Conway, and Michael J. Otto

Avid Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104

Received 22 June 1998/Returned for modification 29 August 1998/Accepted 22 September 1998

AT-61, a member of a novel class of phenylpropenamide derivatives, was found to be a highly selective and potent inhibitor of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in four different human hepatoblastoma cell lines which support the replication of HBV (i.e., HepAD38, HepAD79, 2.2.15, and transiently transfected HepG2 cells). This compound was equally effective at inhibiting both the formation of intracellular immature core particles and the release of extracellular virions, with 50% effective concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 5.7 µM. AT-61 (27 µM) was able to reduce the amount of HBV covalently closed circular DNA found in the nuclei of HepAD38 cells by >99%. AT-61 at concentrations of >27 µM had little effect on the amount of viral RNA found within the cytoplasms of induced HepAD38 cells but reduced the number of immature virions which contained pregenomic RNA by >99%. The potency of AT-61 was not affected by one of the mutations responsible for (-)-beta -L-2',3'-dideoxy-3' thiacytidine (3TC) resistance in HBV, and AT-61 acted synergistic with 3TC to inhibit HBV replication. AT-61 (81 µM) was not cytotoxic or antiproliferative to several cell lines and had no antiviral effect on woodchuck or duck HBV, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 1, vesicular stomatitis virus, or Newcastle disease virus. Therefore, we concluded that the antiviral activity of AT-61 is specific for HBV replication and most likely occurs at one of the steps between the synthesis of viral RNA and the packaging of pregenomic RNA into immature core particles.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: DuPont Pharmaceuticals, Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80336, Wilmington, DE 19880-0336. Phone: (302) 695-9354. Fax: (302) 695-3934. E-mail: ROBERT.W.KING{at}DUPONTPHARMA.COM.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, December 1998, p. 3179-3186, Vol. 42, No. 12
0066-4804/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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