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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 1998, p. 399-403, Vol. 42, No. 2
0066-4804/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
-Lactamase Inhibitors Are Substrates for the
Multidrug Efflux Pumps of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Xian-Zhi
Li,
Li
Zhang,
Ramakrishnan
Srikumar, and
Keith
Poole*
Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
Received 10 June 1997/Returned for modification 9 October
1997/Accepted 1 December 1997
The MexAB-OprM multidrug efflux system exports a number of
antimicrobial compounds, including
-lactams. In an attempt to define
more fully the range of antimicrobial compounds exported by this
system, and, in particular, to determine whether
-lactamase inhibitors were also accommodated by the MexAB-OprM pump, the influence
of pump status (its presence or absence) on the intrinsic antibacterial
activities of these compounds and on their abilities to
enhance
-lactam susceptibility in intact cells was assessed. MIC
determinations clearly demonstrated that all three compounds tested,
clavulanate, cloxacillin, and BRL42715, were accommodated by the pump.
Moreover, by using
-lactams which were readily hydrolyzed by the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa class C chromosomal
-lactamase, it was demonstrated that elimination of the
mexAB-oprM-encoded efflux system greatly enhanced the
abilities of cloxacillin and BRL42715 (but not clavulanate) to increase
-lactam susceptibility. With
-lactams which were poorly
hydrolyzed, however, the inhibitors failed to enhance
-lactam
susceptibility in MexAB-OprM+ strains, although BRL42715
did enhance
-lactam susceptibility in MexAB-OprM
strains, suggesting that even with poorly hydrolyzed
-lactams this
inhibitor was effective when it was not subjected to efflux. MexEF-OprN-overexpressing strains, but not MexCD-OprJ-overexpressing strains, also facilitated resistance to
-lactamase inhibitors, indicating that these compounds are also substrates for the MexEF-OprN pump. These data indicate that an ability to inactivate MexAB-OprM (and
like efflux systems in other bacteria) will markedly enhance the
efficacies of
-lactam-
-lactamase inhibitor combinations in treating bacterial infections.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Microbiology and Immunology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada. Phone: (613) 545-6677. Fax: 613-545-6796. E-mail: poolek{at}post.queensu.ca.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 1998, p. 399-403, Vol. 42, No. 2
0066-4804/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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