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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, October 1999, p. 2430-2436, Vol. 43, No. 10
0066-4804/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Propagation of TEM- and PSE-Type beta -Lactamases among Amoxicillin-Resistant Salmonella spp. Isolated in France

Catherine Llanes,1,* Veronique Kirchgesner,2 and Patrick Plesiat1

Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon,1 and Centre Hospitalier Général Châlon sur Saône 71000,2 France

Received 5 February 1999/Returned for modification 31 May 1999/Accepted 10 August 1999

A survey conducted between 1987 and 1994 at the University Hospital of Besançon, France, demonstrated a dramatic increase (from 0 to 42.5%) in the prevalence of amoxicillin resistance among Salmonella spp. Of the 96 resistant isolates collected during this period (including 77 Typhimurium), 54 were found to produce TEM-1 beta -lactamase, 40 produced PSE-1 (equivalent to CARB-2), one produced PSE-1 plus TEM-2, and one produced OXA-1 in isoelectric focusing and DNA hybridization experiments. Plasmids coding for these beta -lactamases were further characterized by (i) profile analysis, (ii) restriction fragmentation pattern analysis, (iii) hybridization with an spvCD-orfE virulence probe, and (iv) replicon typing. In addition, isolates of S. typhimurium were genotypically compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of XbaI-macrorestricted chromosomal DNA. Altogether, these methods showed that 40 of the 41 PSE-1 producers were actually the progeny of a single epidemic S. typhimurium strain lysotype DT104. Isolates of that strain were found to harbor RepFIC virulence plasmids with somewhat different restriction profiles, but which all carried the blaPSE-1 gene. Of these virulence/resistance plasmids, 15 were transmissible to Escherichia coli. TEM-1-producing S. typhimurium displayed much greater genotypic and plasmidic diversities, suggesting the acquisition of the blaTEM-1 gene from multiple bacterial sources by individual strains. In agreement with this, 32 of the 35 S. typhimurium plasmids encoding TEM-1 were found to be conjugative. These data show that development of amoxicillin resistance among Salmonella, especially in serovar Typhimurium, results from both gene transfers and strain dissemination.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, 25030 Besançon, France. Phone: (33)-81-66-82-86. Fax: (33)-81-66-89-14. E-mail: patrick.plesiat{at}ufc-chu.univ-fcomte.fr.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, October 1999, p. 2430-2436, Vol. 43, No. 10
0066-4804/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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