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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 1999, p. 314-321, Vol. 43, No. 2
0066-4804/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
A Broad-Spectrum Microbicide with Virucidal
Activity against Sexually Transmitted Viruses
M. K.
Howett,1,*
E. B.
Neely,1
N. D.
Christensen,1,3
B.
Wigdahl,1
F. C.
Krebs,1
D.
Malamud,2,3
S. D.
Patrick,3
M. D.
Pickel,3
P. A.
Welsh,3
C. A.
Reed,3
M. G.
Ward,1
L. R.
Budgeon,3 and
J. W.
Kreider1,3
Department of Microbiology and
Immunology1 and
The Jake Gittlen Cancer
Research Institute,3 M. S. Hershey Medical
Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey,
Pennsylvania 17033, and
Department of Biochemistry, School
of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,2 and
Biosyn Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 191042
Received 13 July 1998/Returned for modification 15 August
1998/Accepted 5 November 1998
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an alkyl sulfate surfactant derived
from an organic alcohol, possesses surfactant properties but also
denatures and unfolds both monomeric and subunit proteins. In
preliminary experiments, we demonstrated that SDS is a potent inactivator of herpes simplex virus type 2 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 at concentrations comparable to those used for the surfactant nonoxynol-9. We hypothesized that SDS might be capable of
denaturing the capsid proteins of nonenveloped viruses. In this report,
we demonstrate inactivation of rabbit, bovine, and human
papillomaviruses after brief treatment with dilute solutions of SDS.
Effective concentrations were nontoxic to rabbit skin and to
split-thickness grafts of human foreskin epithelium. This is the first
report of a microbicidal surfactant that will inactivate papillomaviruses. We propose that SDS is now a candidate microbicide for formulation and testing with humans.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Microbiology and Immunology, M. S. Hershey Medical Center,
Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033. Phone: (717) 531-6523. Fax: (717) 531-6522. E-mail:
mhowett{at}psu.edu.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 1999, p. 314-321, Vol. 43, No. 2
0066-4804/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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