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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 1999, p. 314-321, Vol. 43, No. 2
0066-4804/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

A Broad-Spectrum Microbicide with Virucidal Activity against Sexually Transmitted Viruses

M. K. Howett,1,* E. B. Neely,1 N. D. Christensen,1,3 B. Wigdahl,1 F. C. Krebs,1 D. Malamud,2,3 S. D. Patrick,3 M. D. Pickel,3 P. A. Welsh,3 C. A. Reed,3 M. G. Ward,1 L. R. Budgeon,3 and J. W. Kreider1,3

Department of Microbiology and Immunology1 and The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Institute,3 M. S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, and Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,2 and Biosyn Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 191042

Received 13 July 1998/Returned for modification 15 August 1998/Accepted 5 November 1998

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an alkyl sulfate surfactant derived from an organic alcohol, possesses surfactant properties but also denatures and unfolds both monomeric and subunit proteins. In preliminary experiments, we demonstrated that SDS is a potent inactivator of herpes simplex virus type 2 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 at concentrations comparable to those used for the surfactant nonoxynol-9. We hypothesized that SDS might be capable of denaturing the capsid proteins of nonenveloped viruses. In this report, we demonstrate inactivation of rabbit, bovine, and human papillomaviruses after brief treatment with dilute solutions of SDS. Effective concentrations were nontoxic to rabbit skin and to split-thickness grafts of human foreskin epithelium. This is the first report of a microbicidal surfactant that will inactivate papillomaviruses. We propose that SDS is now a candidate microbicide for formulation and testing with humans.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, M. S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033. Phone: (717) 531-6523. Fax: (717) 531-6522. E-mail: mhowett{at}psu.edu.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 1999, p. 314-321, Vol. 43, No. 2
0066-4804/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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