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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, April 1999, p. 745-751, Vol. 43, No. 4
0066-4804/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Bile Salts: Natural Detergents for the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Betsy C. Herold,1,* Risa Kirkpatrick,2 Daniel Marcellino,1 Anna Travelstead,2 Valentina Pilipenko,2 Holly Krasa,1 James Bremer,3 Li Jin Dong,4 and Morris D. Cooper2

Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York1; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois2; and Departments of Microbiology3 and Obstetrics and Gynecology,4 Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois

Received 27 July 1998/Returned for modification 23 November 1998/Accepted 4 January 1999

The development of new, safe, topical microbicides for intravaginal use for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases is imperative. Previous studies have suggested that bile salts may inhibit human immunodeficiency virus infection; however, their activities against other sexually transmitted pathogens have not been reported. To further explore the potential role of bile salts in preventing sexually transmitted diseases, we examined the in vitro activities and cytotoxicities of select bile salts against Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human immunodeficiency virus in comparison to those of nonoxynol-9 and benzalkonium chloride using both primary cells and cell lines derived from the human female genital tract. We found that taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate and a combination of glycocholic acid and taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate showed excellent activity against all of the pathogens assayed. Moreover, taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate alone or in combination was less cytotoxic than nonoxynol-9 and benzalkonium chloride. Thus, taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate alone or in combination warrants further evaluation as a candidate topical microbicidal agent.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029. Phone: (212) 241-6930. Fax: (212) 426-4813. E-mail: betsy_herold{at}smtplink.mssm.edu.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, April 1999, p. 745-751, Vol. 43, No. 4
0066-4804/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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