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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 1999, p. 2215-2221, Vol. 43, No. 9
0066-4804/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Enterococci with Glycopeptide Resistance in Turkeys, Turkey Farmers, Turkey Slaughterers, and (Sub)Urban Residents in the South of The Netherlands: Evidence for Transmission of Vancomycin Resistance from Animals to Humans?

Ellen Stobberingh,1,* Anthony van den Bogaard,1 Nancy London,1 Christel Driessen,1 Janetta Top,2 and Rob Willems2

Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht,1 and National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven,2 The Netherlands

Received 29 December 1998/Returned for modification 2 March 1999/Accepted 2 July 1999

The number of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) relative to the total number of enterococci was determined in fecal samples from turkeys and three human populations in 1996, each with a different level of contact with turkeys, i.e., turkey farmers, turkey slaughterers, and (sub)urban residents. The percentage of VRE relative to the total enterococcal population (i.e., the degree of resistance) was low (2 to 4%) in all groups (except in six samples). No difference was observed between farmers who used avoparcin and those who did not. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of the VRE isolates from the different populations were quite heterogeneous, but isolates with the same PFGE pattern were found among animal and human isolates, in addition to the isolates which were described previously (A. E. van den Bogaard, L. B. Jensen, and E. E. Stobberingh, N. Engl. J. Med. 337:1558-1559, 1997). Detailed molecular characterization of vanA-containing transposons from different isolates showed, that in addition to a previously reported strain, similar transposons were present in VRE isolates from turkeys and turkey farmers. Moreover, similar VanA elements were found not only in isolates with the same PFGE pattern but also in other strains from both humans and animals.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. Phone: 00-31-43-3874644. Fax: 00-31-43-3876643. E-mail: EST{at}LMIB.AZM.NL.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 1999, p. 2215-2221, Vol. 43, No. 9
0066-4804/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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