This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Davies, T. A.
Right arrow Articles by Appelbaum, P. C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Davies, T. A.
Right arrow Articles by Appelbaum, P. C.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2000, p. 633-639, Vol. 44, No. 3
0066-4804/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Activities and Postantibiotic Effects of Gemifloxacin Compared to Those of 11 Other Agents against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis

Todd A. Davies,1 Linda M. Kelly,1 Dianne B. Hoellman,1 Lois M. Ednie,1 Catherine L. Clark,1 Saralee Bajaksouzian,2 Michael R. Jacobs,2 and Peter C. Appelbaum1,*

Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033,1 and Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 441062

Received 29 July 1999/Returned for modification 23 November 1999/Accepted 8 December 1999

The activity of gemifloxacin against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis was compared to those of 11 other agents. All quinolones were very active (MICs, <= 0.125 µg/ml) against 248 quinolone-susceptible H. influenzae isolates (40.7% of which were beta -lactamase positive); cefixime (MICs, <= 0.125 µg/ml) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (MICs <= 4.0 µg/ml) were active, followed by cefuroxime (MICs, <= 16.0 µg/ml); azithromycin MICs were <= 4.0 µg/ml. For nine H. influenzae isolates with reduced quinolone susceptibilities, the MICs at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC50s) were 0.25 µg/ml for gemifloxacin and 1.0 µg/ml for the other quinolones tested. All strains had mutations in GyrA (Ser84, Asp88); most also had mutations in ParC (Asp83, Ser84, Glu88) and ParE (Asp420, Ser458), and only one had a mutation in GyrB (Gln468). All quinolones tested were equally active (MICs, <= 0.06 µg/ml) against 50 M. catarrhalis strains; amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefixime, cefuroxime, and azithromycin were very active. Against 10 H. influenzae strains gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and trovafloxacin at 2× the MIC and ciprofloxacin at 4× the MIC were uniformly bactericidal after 24 h, and against 9 of 10 strains grepafloxacin at 2× the MIC was bactericidal after 24 h. After 24 h bactericidal activity was seen with amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2× the MIC for all strains, cefixime at 2× the MIC for 9 of 10 strains, cefuroxime at 4× the MIC for all strains, and azithromycin at 2× the MIC for all strains. All quinolones except grepafloxacin (which was bactericidal against four of five strains) and all ß-lactams at 2× to 4× the MIC were bactericidal against five M. catarrhalis strains after 24 h; azithromycin at the MIC was bactericidal against all strains after 24 h. The postantibiotic effects (PAEs) against four quinolone-susceptible H. influenzae strains were as follows: gemifloxacin, 0.3 to 2.3 h; ciprofloxacin, 1.3 to 4.2 h; levofloxacin, 2.8 to 6.2 h; sparfloxacin, 0.6 to 3.0 h; grepafloxacin, 0 to 2.1 h; trovafloxacin, 0.8 to 2.8 h. At 10× the MIC, no quinolone PAEs were found against the strain for which quinolone MICs were increased. Azithromycin PAEs were 3.7 to 7.3 h.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033. Phone: (717) 531-5113. Fax: (717) 531-7953. E-mail: pappelbaum{at}psghs.edu.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2000, p. 633-639, Vol. 44, No. 3
0066-4804/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Hirakata, Y., Ohmori, K., Mikuriya, M., Saika, T., Matsuzaki, K., Hasegawa, M., Hatta, M., Yamamoto, N., Kunishima, H., Yano, H., Kitagawa, M., Arai, K., Kawakami, K., Kobayashi, I., Jones, R. N., Kohno, S., Yamaguchi, K., Kaku, M. (2009). Antimicrobial Activities of Piperacillin-Tazobactam against Haemophilus influenzae Isolates, Including {beta}-Lactamase-Negative Ampicillin-Resistant and {beta}-Lactamase-Positive Amoxicillin- Clavulanate-Resistant Isolates, and Mutations in Their Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 4225-4230 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tristram, S., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C. (2007). Antimicrobial Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 20: 368-389 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bogdanovich, T., Smith, K. A., Clark, C., Pankuch, G. A., Lin, G., McGhee, P., Dewasse, B., Appelbaum, P. C. (2006). Activity of LBM415 Compared to Those of 11 Other Agents against Haemophilus Species.. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50: 2323-2329 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bogdanovich, T., Clark, C., Ednie, L., Lin, G., Smith, K., Shapiro, S., Appelbaum, P. C. (2006). Activities of Ceftobiprole, a Novel Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin, against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis.. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50: 2050-2057 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kosowska, K., Credito, K., Pankuch, G. A., Hoellman, D., Lin, G., Clark, C., Dewasse, B., McGhee, P., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C. (2004). Activities of Two Novel Macrolides, GW 773546 and GW 708408, Compared with Those of Telithromycin, Erythromycin, Azithromycin, and Clarithromycin against Haemophilus influenzae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 4113-4119 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, X., Mariano, N., Rahal, J. J., Urban, C. M., Drlica, K. (2004). Quinolone-Resistant Haemophilus influenzae: Determination of Mutant Selection Window for Ciprofloxacin, Garenoxacin, Levofloxacin, and Moxifloxacin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 4460-4462 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, X., Mariano, N., Rahal, J. J., Urban, C. M., Drlica, K. (2004). Quinolone-Resistant Haemophilus influenzae in a Long-Term-Care Facility: Nucleotide Sequence Characterization of Alterations in the Genes Encoding DNA Gyrase and DNA Topoisomerase IV. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 3570-3572 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gunderson, S. M., Hayes, R. A., Quinn, J. P., Danziger, L. H. (2004). In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Activities of ABT-492, a Novel Quinolone, Compared to Those of Levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 203-208 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brenwald, N. P., Andrews, J. M., Jevons, G., Wise, R. (2003). Detection of ciprofloxacin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae using nalidixic acid and BSAC methodology. J Antimicrob Chemother 51: 1311-1312 [Full Text]  
  • Garcia-Garrote, F., Cercenado, E., Martin-Pedroviejo, J., Cuevas, O., Bouza, E. (2001). Comparative in vitro activity of the new quinolone gemifloxacin (SB-265805) with other fluoroquinolones against respiratory tract pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother 47: 681-684 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Credito, K. L., Lin, G., Pankuch, G. A., Bajaksouzian, S., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C. (2001). Susceptibilities of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis to ABT-773 Compared to Their Susceptibilities to 11 Other Agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45: 67-72 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»