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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2001, p. 723-726, Vol. 45, No. 3
0066-4804/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AAC.45.3.723-726.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Incidence of Class 1 and 2 Integrases in Clinical and Commensal Bacteria from Livestock, Companion Animals, and Exotics

Cathy Goldstein,1 Margie D. Lee,1 Susan Sanchez,1 Charlene Hudson,2 Brad Phillips,2 Brad Register,2 Michael Grady,1 Cynthia Liebert,3 Anne O. Summers,3 David G. White,4 and John J. Maurer2,*

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology,1 Avian Medicine,2 and Microbiology,3 The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, and Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 207084

Received 23 May 2000/Returned for modification 11 September 2000/Accepted 7 December 2000

Many pathogenic and commensal organisms are multidrug resistant due to exposure to various antibiotics. Often, this antimicrobial resistance is encoded by integrons that occur on plasmids or that are integrated into the bacterial chromosome. Integrons are commonly associated with bacterial genera in the family Enterobacteriaceae. We determined that class 1 integrases were present in approximately 46% of the isolates from the family Enterobacteriaceae; class 2 integrases were present only among Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates. Seven percent of veterinary isolates were positive for class 3 integrase by DNA-DNA hybridization but could not be confirmed to be positive by PCR. None of the veterinary isolates possessed the class 4 integrase gene. The distribution of these integrase genes was variable within the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae when some or all integrase classes were absent from a particular genus. There was also considerable variability in the distribution of these integrases within a species, depending on the animal host. Unlike the class 1 integrases, the other integrase class, intI2, appears to be more restricted in its distribution among the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. There is also considerable variability in the distribution of the class 1 integrases within E. coli strains isolated from different food animals. The class 1 integrases are the most widely disseminated of the four classes among the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae from both the clinical and normal flora of animals. This is the first report to closely examine the distribution of class 2 integrases in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated in the United States.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Avian Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Phone: (706) 542-5071. Fax: (706) 542-5630. E-mail: jmaurer{at}calc.vet.uga.edu.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2001, p. 723-726, Vol. 45, No. 3
0066-4804/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AAC.45.3.723-726.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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