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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2001, p. 852-856, Vol. 45, No. 3
0066-4804/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AAC.45.3.852-856.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

In Vivo Effect of alpha 1-Acid Glycoprotein on Pharmacokinetics of Amprenavir, a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitor

Brian M. Sadler,1,* Catherine Gillotin,2 Yu Lou,1 and Daniel S. Stein1

Glaxo Wellcome Incorporated, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,1 and Laboratoire Glaxo Wellcome, 781 Marly-le-Roi, France2

Received 9 March 2000/Returned for modification 14 October 2000/Accepted 23 December 2000

Observations from early clinical pharmacology studies of amprenavir, an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease that is highly bound to human plasma proteins (~90%), showed the single-dose pharmacokinetics of amprenavir to be variable between and within individuals. A cross-study analysis of various demographic, laboratory, and clinical covariates was therefore performed. Differences in amprenavir pharmacokinetics could be due to variable concentrations in alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG), the predominant plasma protein to which amprenavir binds. Therefore, AAG was considered an important factor to study since the literature suggested that AAG levels vary by race, age, and weight and following trauma or infection, including HIV disease. Pooled data from three single-dose studies analyzed by stepwise linear regression indicated that AAG concentrations significantly correlated with age and race and that only AAG concentrations were a significant predictor of amprenavir apparent total clearance (CL/F). A significant inverse linear relationship was found between AAG and amprenavir CL/F. Compared to white subjects, black subjects had significantly lower AAG concentrations and therefore significantly higher amprenavir CL/F. Although AAG has a significant influence on the variability of total drug pharmacokinetics, unbound, or free, drug concentrations are not affected by AAG concentrations. Incorrect conclusions could be drawn on the pharmacokinetics of highly protein-bound drugs if AAG concentration is not included in the analysis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Phone: (919) 483-1449. Fax: (919) 483-6380. E-mail: bms44974{at}glaxowellcome.com.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2001, p. 852-856, Vol. 45, No. 3
0066-4804/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AAC.45.3.852-856.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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