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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, January 2002, p. 203-210, Vol. 46, No. 1
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.1.203-210.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Pharmacodynamics of Trovafloxacin and Levofloxacin against Bacteroides fragilis in an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Model

M. L. Peterson,1,2 L. B. Hovde,2 D. H. Wright,1,2 G. H. Brown,1,2 A. D. Hoang,1,2 and J. C. Rotschafer1,2*

University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,1 Antibiotic Pharmacodynamic Modeling Laboratory, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, Minnesota 551012

Received 19 June 2000/ Returned for modification 29 December 2000/ Accepted 16 October 2001

An in vitro pharmacodynamic investigation was conducted to explore whether the area under the concentration time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0–24)/MIC ratio could predict fluoroquinolone performance against Bacteroides fragilis. An in vitro model was used to generate kill curves for trovafloxacin (TVA) and levofloxacin (LVX) at AUC0–24/MIC ratios of 1 to 406 against three strains of B. fragilis (ATCC 25285, ATCC 23745, and clinical isolate M97-117). TVA and LVX were bolused prior to the start of experiments to achieve the corresponding AUC0–24/MIC ratio. Experiments were performed in duplicate over 24 h and in an anaerobic environment. Analyses of antimicrobial performance were conducted by comparing the rates of bacterial kill (K) using nonlinear regression analysis with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was defined as a lack of overlap in the 95% confidence limits generated from the slope of each kill curve. For both TVA and LVX, K was maximized once an AUC0–24/MIC ratio of ≥40 was achieved and was not further increased despite a 10-fold increase in AUC0–24/MIC from approximately 40 to 400 against all three strains of B. fragilis. No significant differences were found in K between AUC0–24/MIC ratios of approximately 40 to 200. In experiments where AUC0–24/MIC ratios that were ≥ 5 and ≤ 44 were conducted, 64% demonstrated regrowth at 24 h. Resistant strains were selected in 50% of those experiments, demonstrating regrowth, which resulted in increased MICs of two- to 16-fold for both TVA and LVX. Regrowth did not occur, nor were resistant strains selected in any studies with an AUC/MIC that was > 44. Our findings suggest that fluoroquinolones provide antibacterial effects against B. fragilis in a concentration-independent manner associated with an AUC0–24/MIC ratio of ≥40. Also, the potential for the selection of resistant strains of B. fragilis may increase with an AUC0–24/MIC ratio of ≤44.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Regions Hospital, 640 Jackson St., St. Paul, MN 55101. Phone: (651) 254-3896. Fax: (651) 292-4031. E-mail: rotsc001{at}tc.umn.edu..

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, January 2002, p. 203-210, Vol. 46, No. 1
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.1.203-210.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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