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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, October 2002, p. 3308-3310, Vol. 46, No. 10
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.10.3308-3310.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Antimicrobial Properties of Milk: Dependence on Presence of Xanthine Oxidase and Nitrite

John T. Hancock,1* Vyv Salisbury,1 Maria Cristina Ovejero-Boglione,1 Robert Cherry,1 Catherine Hoare,2,{dagger} Robert Eisenthal,2 and Roger Harrison2

Centre for Research in Biomedicine, University of the West of England, Bristol, Bristol BS16 1QY,1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom2

Received 25 March 2002/ Returned for modification 24 May 2002/ Accepted 1 July 2002

Human and bovine milk inhibited the metabolic activity of Escherichia coli, as shown by luminescence monitoring of constructs expressing the luxCDABE genes. Inhibition was dependent on both xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and on the presence of nitrite, implying that XO-generated nitric oxide functions as an antibacterial agent.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centre for Research in Biomedicine, University of the West of England, Bristol, Coldharbour Ln., Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom. Phone: 0117 344 2475. Fax: 0117 344 2904. E-mail: john.hancock{at}uwe.ac.uk.

{dagger} Present address: School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, October 2002, p. 3308-3310, Vol. 46, No. 10
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.10.3308-3310.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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  • Martin, H. M., Hancock, J. T., Salisbury, V., Harrison, R. (2004). Role of Xanthine Oxidoreductase as an Antimicrobial Agent. Infect. Immun. 72: 4933-4939 [Full Text]  
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