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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, November 2002, p. 3606-3612, Vol. 46, No. 11
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.11.3606-3612.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Organization of the Antiseptic Resistance Gene qacA and Tn552-Related ß-Lactamase Genes in Multidrug- Resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus Strains of Animal and Human Origins

I.-L. Anthonisen,1 M. Sunde,1* T. M. Steinum,1 M. S. Sidhu,2 and H. Sørum1

Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Food Hygiene, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, 0033 Oslo,1 MATFORSK, Norwegian Food Research Institute, N-1430 Ås, Norway2

Received 7 January 2002/ Returned for modification 20 May 2002/ Accepted 27 July 2002

A part (12 kb) of a plasmid containing the ß-lactamase genes of Tn552, the disinfectant resistance gene qacA, and flanking DNA has been cloned from a Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolate and sequenced. This region was used to map the corresponding regions in six other multiresistant S. haemolyticus isolates of human and animal origin. The organizations of the genetic structures were almost identical in all isolates studied. The ß-lactamase and qacA genes from S. haemolyticus have >99.9% identities at the nucleotide level with the same genes from S. aureus, demonstrating that various staphylococcal species able to colonize animal and human hosts can exchange the genetic elements involved in resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants. The use of antibiotics and disinfectants in veterinary practice and animal husbandry may also contribute to the selection and maintenance of resistance factors among the staphylococcal species. Different parts of the 12-kb section analyzed had high degrees of nucleotide identity with regions from several other different Staphylococcus aureus plasmids. This suggests the contribution of interplasmid recombination in the evolutionary makeup of this 12-kb section involving plasmids that can intermingle between various staphylococcal species. The lateral spread of resistance genes between various staphylococcal species is probably facilitated by the generation of large multiresistance plasmids and the subsequent interspecies exchange of them.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Food Hygiene, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Post Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway, Phone: 4722597030. Fax: 4722964818. E-mail: Marianne.Sunde{at}veths.no.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, November 2002, p. 3606-3612, Vol. 46, No. 11
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.11.3606-3612.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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