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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2002, p. 630-637, Vol. 46, No. 3
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.3.630-637.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Three Cefotaximases, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-13, and CTX-M-14, among Enterobacteriaceae in the People's Republic of China

Aroonwadee Chanawong,1 Fatima Hannachi M'Zali,1 John Heritage,1 Jian-Hui Xiong,2,3 and Peter Michael Hawkey1,2*

Division of Microbiology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT,1 Department of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom,2 First Municipal People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510180, People's Republic of China3

Received 11 April 2001/ Returned for modification 1 August 2001/ Accepted 30 October 2001

Of 15 extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae collected from the First Municipal People's Hospital of Guangzhou, in the southern part of the People's Republic of China, 9 were found to produce CTX-M ESBLs, 3 produced SHV-12, and 3 produced both CTX-M and SHV-12. Eleven isolates produced either TEM-1B or SHV-11, in addition to an ESBL. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 12 isolates carrying blaCTX-M genes revealed that they harbored three different blaCTX-M genes, blaCTX-M-9 (5 isolates), blaCTX-M-13 (1 isolate), and blaCTX-M-14 (6 isolates). These genes have 98% nucleotide homology with blaToho-2. The blaCTX-M genes were carried on plasmids that ranged in size from 35 to 150 kb. Plasmid fingerprints and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed the dissemination of the blaCTX-M genes through transfer of different antibiotic resistance plasmids to different bacteria, suggesting that these resistance determinants are highly mobile. Insertion sequence ISEcp1, found on the upstream region of these genes, may be involved in the translocation of the blaCTX-M genes. This is the first report of the occurrence of SHV-12 and CTX-M ESBLs in China. The presence of strains with these ESBLs shows both the evolution of blaCTX-M genes and their dissemination among at least three species of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae, isolated within a single hospital. The predominance of CTX-M type enzymes seen in this area of China appears to be similar to that seen in South America but is different from those seen in Europe and North America, suggesting different evolutionary routes and selective pressures. A more comprehensive survey of the ESBL types from China is urgently needed.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Immunity and Infection, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 121 424 1240. Fax: 44 121 772 6229. E-mail: HawkeyP{at}heartsol.wmids.nhs.uk.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2002, p. 630-637, Vol. 46, No. 3
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.3.630-637.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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