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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, May 2002, p. 1295-1301, Vol. 46, No. 5
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.5.1295-1301.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Antimicrobial Resistance among Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada during 2000

Donald E. Low,1,2* Joyce de Azavedo,1,2 Karl Weiss,3 Tony Mazzulli,1,2 Magdalena Kuhn,4 Deirdre Church,5 Kevin Forward,6 George Zhanel,7 Andrew Simor,8 Canadian Bacterial Surveillance Network,{dagger} and A. McGeer1,2

Department of Microbiology, Toronto Medical Laboratories and Mount Sinai Hospital,1 University of Toronto,2 Sunnybrooke and Women's College Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario,8 Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec,3 Southeast Healthcare Corporation-Moncton Site, Moncton, New Brunswick,4 Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta,5 Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia,6 Health Sciences Center, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada7

Received 15 October 2001/ Returned for modification 13 December 2001/ Accepted 24 January 2002

A total of 2,245 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected from 63 microbiology laboratories from across Canada during 2000 and characterized at a central laboratory. Of these isolates, 12.4% were not susceptible to penicillin (penicillin MIC, >=0.12 µg/ml) and 5.8% were resistant (MIC, >=2 µg/ml). Resistance rates among non-ß-lactam agents were the following: macrolides, 11.1%; clindamycin, 5.7%; chloramphenicol, 2.2%; levofloxacin, 0.9%; gatifloxacin, 0.8%; moxifloxacin, 0.4%; and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 11.3%. The MICs at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC90s) of the fluoroquinolones were the following: gemifloxacin, 0.03 µg/ml; BMS-284756, 0.06 µg/ml; moxifloxacin, 0.12 µg/ml; gatifloxacin, 0.25 µg/ml; levofloxacin, 1 µg/ml; and ciprofloxacin, 1 µg/ml. Of 578 isolates from the lower respiratory tract, 21 (3.6%) were inhibited at ciprofloxacin MICs of >=4 µg/ml. None of the 768 isolates from children were inhibited at ciprofloxacin MICs of >=4 µg/ml, compared to 3 of 731 (0.6%) from those ages 15 to 64 (all of these >60 years old), and 27 of 707 (3.8%) from those over 65. The MIC90s for ABT-773 and telithromycin were 0.015 µg/ml for macrolide-susceptible isolates and 0.12 and 0.5 µg/ml, respectively, for macrolide-resistant isolates. The MIC of linezolid was <=2 µg/ml for all isolates. Many of the new antimicrobial agents tested in this study appear to have potential for the treatment of multidrug-resistant strains of pneumococci.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Rm. 1487, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. Phone: (416) 586-4435. Fax: (416) 586-8746. E-mail: dlow{at}mtsinai.on.ca.

{dagger} Members are listed in the Appendix.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, May 2002, p. 1295-1301, Vol. 46, No. 5
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.5.1295-1301.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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