This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Wei, X.
Right arrow Articles by Kappes, J. C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Wei, X.
Right arrow Articles by Kappes, J. C.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, June 2002, p. 1896-1905, Vol. 46, No. 6
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1896-1905.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Emergence of Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Patients Receiving Fusion Inhibitor (T-20) Monotherapy

Xiping Wei,1 Julie M. Decker,1 Hongmei Liu,2 Zee Zhang,2 Ramin B. Arani,3 J. Michael Kilby,2 Michael S. Saag,2 Xiaoyun Wu,2 George M. Shaw,1,2,4 and John C. Kappes2,3,5*

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of,1 Medicine,2 Microbiology,4 Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294,3 Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Birmingham, Alabama 352335

Received 7 September 2001/ Returned for modification 5 December 2001/ Accepted 21 March 2002

The synthetic peptide T-20 (enfuvirtide) represents the first of a new class of antiretroviral compounds to demonstrate in vivo potency by targeting a step in viral entry. T-20 inhibits a conformational change in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmembrane glycoprotein (gp41) that is required for fusion between HIV-1 and target cell membranes. The initial phase I clinical trial of T-20 treatment for HIV-infected patients thus provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the emergence of resistant virus in vivo to this novel class of antiretroviral agents. All four patients who received an intermediate dose of T-20 (30 mg twice daily) had an initial decline in plasma viral load over the first 10 days but a rising trend by day 14, suggestive of selection for resistant virus. Plasma virus derived from patients enrolled in all dosage groups of the phase I T-20 trial was analyzed by population sequencing before and after treatment. While no mutations were found within a highly conserved 3-amino-acid sequence (GIV) known to be critical for fusion at baseline, after 14 days of therapy, virus from one patient in the 30-mg dose group (30-1) developed a mutation in this motif, specifically an aspartic acid (D) substitution for glycine (G) at position 36. Multiple env clones were derived from the plasma virus of all four patients in the 30-mg dosage group. Sequence analysis of 49 clones derived from the plasma of patient 30-1 on day 14 revealed that 25 clones contained the G36D mutation, while 8 contained the V38A mutation. Dual mutations involving G36D and other residues within the HR1 domain were also identified. In 5 of the 49 env clones, other mutations involving residues 32 (Q32R or Q32H) and 39 (Q39R) were found in combination with G36D. Cloned env sequences derived from the plasma virus of subject 30-3 also had single mutations in the GIV sequence (V38M and I37V) detectable following therapy with T-20. The plasma virus from subjects 30-2 and 30-4 did not contain changes within the GIV sequence. To analyze the biological resistance properties of these mutations, we developed a novel single-cycle HIV-1 entry assay using JC53BL cells which express ß-galactosidase and luciferase under control of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. Full-length env clones were derived from the plasma virus of patients 30-1 and 30-3 and used to generate pseudotyped virus stocks. The mean 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50s) for mutants G36D and V38A (patient 30-1) were 2.3 µg/ml and 11.2 µg/ml, respectively, statistically significant increases of 9.1- and 45-fold, respectively, compared with those of wild-type Env. The IC50 for the V38 M mutation (patient 30-3) was 7.6 µg/ml, an 8-fold increase compared with that of the wild type. The I37V mutation resulted in an IC50 3.2-fold greater than that of the wild type. Envs with double mutations (Q32R plus G36D and Q32H plus G36D) exhibited a level of resistance similar to that of G36D alone. These findings provide the first evidence for the rapid emergence of clinical resistance to a novel class of HIV-1 entry inhibitors and may be relevant to future treatment strategies involving these agents.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, LHRB 613, 701 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL 35294. Phone: (205) 934-0051. Fax: (205) 975-7300. E-mail: kappesjc{at}uab.edu.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, June 2002, p. 1896-1905, Vol. 46, No. 6
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1896-1905.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Perez, L. G., Costa, M. R., Todd, C. A., Haynes, B. F., Montefiori, D. C. (2009). Utilization of Immunoglobulin G Fc Receptors by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: a Specific Role for Antibodies against the Membrane-Proximal External Region of gp41. J. Virol. 83: 7397-7410 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rong, L., Zhang, J., Lu, J., Pan, Q., Lorgeoux, R.-P., Aloysius, C., Guo, F., Liu, S.-L., Wainberg, M. A., Liang, C. (2009). The Transmembrane Domain of BST-2 Determines Its Sensitivity to Down-Modulation by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpu. J. Virol. 83: 7536-7546 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Salazar-Gonzalez, J. F., Salazar, M. G., Keele, B. F., Learn, G. H., Giorgi, E. E., Li, H., Decker, J. M., Wang, S., Baalwa, J., Kraus, M. H., Parrish, N. F., Shaw, K. S., Guffey, M. B., Bar, K. J., Davis, K. L., Ochsenbauer-Jambor, C., Kappes, J. C., Saag, M. S., Cohen, M. S., Mulenga, J., Derdeyn, C. A., Allen, S., Hunter, E., Markowitz, M., Hraber, P., Perelson, A. S., Bhattacharya, T., Haynes, B. F., Korber, B. T., Hahn, B. H., Shaw, G. M. (2009). Genetic identity, biological phenotype, and evolutionary pathways of transmitted/founder viruses in acute and early HIV-1 infection. JEM 206: 1273-1289 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hauber, I., Hohenberg, H., Holstermann, B., Hunstein, W., Hauber, J. (2009). The main green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate counteracts semen-mediated enhancement of HIV infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 9033-9038 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ourmanov, I., Kuwata, T., Goeken, R., Goldstein, S., Iyengar, R., Buckler-White, A., Lafont, B., Hirsch, V. M. (2009). Improved Survival in Rhesus Macaques Immunized with Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Recombinants Expressing Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Correlates with Reduction in Memory CD4+ T-Cell Loss and Higher Titers of Neutralizing Antibody. J. Virol. 83: 5388-5400 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hermann, F. G., Egerer, L., Brauer, F., Gerum, C., Schwalbe, H., Dietrich, U., von Laer, D. (2009). Mutations in gp120 Contribute to the Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to Membrane-Anchored C-Peptide maC46. J. Virol. 83: 4844-4853 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Klein, J. S., Gnanapragasam, P. N. P., Galimidi, R. P., Foglesong, C. P., West, A. P. Jr, Bjorkman, P. J. (2009). Examination of the contributions of size and avidity to the neutralization mechanisms of the anti-HIV antibodies b12 and 4E10. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 7385-7390 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Herrera, C., Cranage, M., McGowan, I., Anton, P., Shattock, R. J. (2009). Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors as Potential Colorectal Microbicides. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 1797-1807 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ray, N., Blackburn, L. A., Doms, R. W. (2009). HR-2 Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41 Restore Fusion Kinetics Delayed by HR-1 Mutations That Cause Clinical Resistance to Enfuvirtide. J. Virol. 83: 2989-2995 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Duenas-Decamp, M. J., Peters, P. J., Burton, D., Clapham, P. R. (2009). Determinants Flanking the CD4 Binding Loop Modulate Macrophage Tropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 R5 Envelopes. J. Virol. 83: 2575-2583 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Naito, T., Izumi, K., Kodama, E., Sakagami, Y., Kajiwara, K., Nishikawa, H., Watanabe, K., Sarafianos, S. G., Oishi, S., Fujii, N., Matsuoka, M. (2009). SC29EK, a Peptide Fusion Inhibitor with Enhanced {alpha}-Helicity, Inhibits Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mutants Resistant to Enfuvirtide. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 1013-1018 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Russell, R. A., Smith, J., Barr, R., Bhattacharyya, D., Pathak, V. K. (2009). Distinct Domains within APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F Interact with Separate Regions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vif. J. Virol. 83: 1992-2003 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Davis, K. L., Bibollet-Ruche, F., Li, H., Decker, J. M., Kutsch, O., Morris, L., Salomon, A., Pinter, A., Hoxie, J. A., Hahn, B. H., Kwong, P. D., Shaw, G. M. (2009). Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2)/HIV-1 Envelope Chimeras Detect High Titers of Broadly Reactive HIV-1 V3-Specific Antibodies in Human Plasma. J. Virol. 83: 1240-1259 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mahalanabis, M., Jayaraman, P., Miura, T., Pereyra, F., Chester, E. M., Richardson, B., Walker, B., Haigwood, N. L. (2009). Continuous Viral Escape and Selection by Autologous Neutralizing Antibodies in Drug-Naive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Controllers. J. Virol. 83: 662-672 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jablonski, J. A., Caputi, M. (2009). Role of Cellular RNA Processing Factors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 mRNA Metabolism, Replication, and Infectivity. J. Virol. 83: 981-992 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Buffa, V., Stieh, D., Mamhood, N., Hu, Q., Fletcher, P., Shattock, R. J. (2009). Cyanovirin-N potently inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in cellular and cervical explant models. J. Gen. Virol. 90: 234-243 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bontjer, I., Land, A., Eggink, D., Verkade, E., Tuin, K., Baldwin, C., Pollakis, G., Paxton, W. A., Braakman, I., Berkhout, B., Sanders, R. W. (2009). Optimization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins with V1/V2 Deleted, Using Virus Evolution. J. Virol. 83: 368-383 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Doria-Rose, N. A., Klein, R. M., Manion, M. M., O'Dell, S., Phogat, A., Chakrabarti, B., Hallahan, C. W., Migueles, S. A., Wrammert, J., Ahmed, R., Nason, M., Wyatt, R. T., Mascola, J. R., Connors, M. (2009). Frequency and Phenotype of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope-Specific B Cells from Patients with Broadly Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies. J. Virol. 83: 188-199 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Forsman, A., Beirnaert, E., Aasa-Chapman, M. M. I., Hoorelbeke, B., Hijazi, K., Koh, W., Tack, V., Szynol, A., Kelly, C., McKnight, A., Verrips, T., Haard, H. d., Weiss, R. A. (2008). Llama Antibody Fragments with Cross-Subtype Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Neutralizing Properties and High Affinity for HIV-1 gp120. J. Virol. 82: 12069-12081 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Takeuchi, Y., McClure, M. O., Pizzato, M. (2008). Identification of Gammaretroviruses Constitutively Released from Cell Lines Used for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Research. J. Virol. 82: 12585-12588 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wei, M., Yang, Y., Niu, M., Desfosse, L., Kennedy, R., Musier-Forsyth, K., Kleiman, L. (2008). Inability of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Produced in Murine Cells To Selectively Incorporate Primer Formula. J. Virol. 82: 12049-12059 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stoddart, C. A., Nault, G., Galkina, S. A., Thibaudeau, K., Bakis, P., Bousquet-Gagnon, N., Robitaille, M., Bellomo, M., Paradis, V., Liscourt, P., Lobach, A., Rivard, M.-E., Ptak, R. G., Mankowski, M. K., Bridon, D., Quraishi, O. (2008). Albumin-conjugated C34 Peptide HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitor: EQUIPOTENT TO C34 AND T-20 IN VITRO WITH SUSTAINED ACTIVITY IN SCID-HU THY/LIV MICE. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 34045-34052 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kong, X., West, J. T., Zhang, H., Shea, D. M., M'soka, T. J., Wood, C. (2008). The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Confers Higher Rates of Replicative Fitness to Perinatally Transmitted Viruses than to Nontransmitted Viruses. J. Virol. 82: 11609-11618 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Shun, M.-C., Botbol, Y., Li, X., Di Nunzio, F., Daigle, J. E., Yan, N., Lieberman, J., Lavigne, M., Engelman, A. (2008). Identification and Characterization of PWWP Domain Residues Critical for LEDGF/p75 Chromatin Binding and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infectivity. J. Virol. 82: 11555-11567 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Laird, M. E., Igarashi, T., Martin, M. A., Desrosiers, R. C. (2008). Importance of the V1/V2 Loop Region of Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein gp120 in Determining the Strain Specificity of the Neutralizing Antibody Response. J. Virol. 82: 11054-11065 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pizzato, M., Popova, E., Gottlinger, H. G. (2008). Nef Can Enhance the Infectivity of Receptor-Pseudotyped Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Particles. J. Virol. 82: 10811-10819 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sanders, R. W., Hsu, S.-T. D., van Anken, E., Liscaljet, I. M., Dankers, M., Bontjer, I., Land, A., Braakman, I., Bonvin, A. M.J.J., Berkhout, B. (2008). Evolution Rescues Folding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Envelope Glycoprotein GP120 Lacking a Conserved Disulfide Bond. Mol. Biol. Cell 19: 4707-4716 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Reynolds, M. R., Weiler, A. M., Weisgrau, K. L., Piaskowski, S. M., Furlott, J. R., Weinfurter, J. T., Kaizu, M., Soma, T., Leon, E. J., MacNair, C., Leaman, D. P., Zwick, M. B., Gostick, E., Musani, S. K., Price, D. A., Friedrich, T. C., Rakasz, E. G., Wilson, N. A., McDermott, A. B., Boyle, R., Allison, D. B., Burton, D. R., Koff, W. C., Watkins, D. I. (2008). Macaques vaccinated with live-attenuated SIV control replication of heterologous virus. JEM 205: 2537-2550 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • He, Y., Cheng, J., Lu, H., Li, J., Hu, J., Qi, Z., Liu, Z., Jiang, S., Dai, Q. (2008). Potent HIV fusion inhibitors against Enfuvirtide-resistant HIV-1 strains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 16332-16337 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chen, H., Xu, X., Lin, H.-H., Chen, S.-H., Forsman, A., Aasa-Chapman, M., Jones, I. M. (2008). Mapping the immune response to the outer domain of a human immunodeficiency virus-1 clade C gp120. J. Gen. Virol. 89: 2597-2604 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Harmon, B., Ratner, L. (2008). Induction of the G{alpha}q Signaling Cascade by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Is Required for Virus Entry. J. Virol. 82: 9191-9205 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jablonski, J. A., Buratti, E., Stuani, C., Caputi, M. (2008). The Secondary Structure of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcript Modulates Viral Splicing and Infectivity. J. Virol. 82: 8038-8050 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Baldwin, C., Berkhout, B. (2008). Mechanistic Studies of a T20-Dependent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variant. J. Virol. 82: 7735-7740 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Eggink, D., Baldwin, C. E., Deng, Y., Langedijk, J. P. M., Lu, M., Sanders, R. W., Berkhout, B. (2008). Selection of T1249-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants. J. Virol. 82: 6678-6688 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zhou, Y., Rong, L., Lu, J., Pan, Q., Liang, C. (2008). Insulin-Like Growth Factor II mRNA Binding Protein 1 Associates with Gag Protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, and Its Overexpression Affects Virus Assembly. J. Virol. 82: 5683-5692 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Duenas-Decamp, M. J., Peters, P., Burton, D., Clapham, P. R. (2008). Natural Resistance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to the CD4bs Antibody b12 Conferred by a Glycan and an Arginine Residue Close to the CD4 Binding Loop. J. Virol. 82: 5807-5814 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Huang, W., Toma, J., Fransen, S., Stawiski, E., Reeves, J. D., Whitcomb, J. M., Parkin, N., Petropoulos, C. J. (2008). Coreceptor Tropism Can Be Influenced by Amino Acid Substitutions in the gp41 Transmembrane Subunit of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Protein. J. Virol. 82: 5584-5593 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Shang, L., Yue, L., Hunter, E. (2008). Role of the Membrane-Spanning Domain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein in Cell-Cell Fusion and Virus Infection. J. Virol. 82: 5417-5428 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ruiz-Mateos, E., Pelchen-Matthews, A., Deneka, M., Marsh, M. (2008). CD63 Is Not Required for Production of Infectious Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Human Macrophages. J. Virol. 82: 4751-4761 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Salazar-Gonzalez, J. F., Bailes, E., Pham, K. T., Salazar, M. G., Guffey, M. B., Keele, B. F., Derdeyn, C. A., Farmer, P., Hunter, E., Allen, S., Manigart, O., Mulenga, J., Anderson, J. A., Swanstrom, R., Haynes, B. F., Athreya, G. S., Korber, B. T. M., Sharp, P. M., Shaw, G. M., Hahn, B. H. (2008). Deciphering Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmission and Early Envelope Diversification by Single-Genome Amplification and Sequencing. J. Virol. 82: 3952-3970 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bobardt, M. D., Cheng, G., de Witte, L., Selvarajah, S., Chatterji, U., Sanders-Beer, B. E., Geijtenbeek, T. B. H., Chisari, F. V., Gallay, P. A. (2008). Hepatitis C virus NS5A anchor peptide disrupts human immunodeficiency virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 5525-5530 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Abbink, T. E. M., Berkhout, B. (2008). RNA Structure Modulates Splicing Efficiency at the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Major Splice Donor. J. Virol. 82: 3090-3098 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mooij, P., Balla-Jhagjhoorsingh, S. S., Koopman, G., Beenhakker, N., van Haaften, P., Baak, I., Nieuwenhuis, I. G., Kondova, I., Wagner, R., Wolf, H., Gomez, C. E., Najera, J. L., Jimenez, V., Esteban, M., Heeney, J. L. (2008). Differential CD4+ versus CD8+ T-Cell Responses Elicited by Different Poxvirus-Based Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vaccine Candidates Provide Comparable Efficacies in Primates. J. Virol. 82: 2975-2988 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bosch, B. J., Rossen, J. W. A., Bartelink, W., Zuurveen, S. J., de Haan, C. A. M., Duquerroy, S., Boucher, C. A. B., Rottier, P. J. M. (2008). Coronavirus Escape from Heptad Repeat 2 (HR2)-Derived Peptide Entry Inhibition as a Result of Mutations in the HR1 Domain of the Spike Fusion Protein. J. Virol. 82: 2580-2585 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, Y., Cleveland, B., Klots, I., Travis, B., Richardson, B. A., Anderson, D., Montefiori, D., Polacino, P., Hu, S.-L. (2008). Removal of a Single N-Linked Glycan in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Results in an Enhanced Ability To Induce Neutralizing Antibody Responses. J. Virol. 82: 638-651 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lai, W., Huang, L., Ho, P., Li, Z., Montefiori, D., Chen, C.-H. (2008). Betulinic Acid Derivatives That Target gp120 and Inhibit Multiple Genetic Subtypes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52: 128-136 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Weinberg, M. S., Barichievy, S., Schaffer, L., Han, J., Morris, K. V. (2007). An RNA targeted to the HIV-1 LTR promoter modulates indiscriminate off-target gene activation. Nucleic Acids Res 35: 7303-7312 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Munch, J., Rajan, D., Schindler, M., Specht, A., Rucker, E., Novembre, F. J., Nerrienet, E., Muller-Trutwin, M. C., Peeters, M., Hahn, B. H., Kirchhoff, F. (2007). Nef-Mediated Enhancement of Virion Infectivity and Stimulation of Viral Replication Are Fundamental Properties of Primate Lentiviruses. J. Virol. 81: 13852-13864 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Blay, W. M., Kasprzyk, T., Misher, L., Richardson, B. A., Haigwood, N. L. (2007). Mutations in Envelope gp120 Can Impact Proteolytic Processing of the gp160 Precursor and Thereby Affect Neutralization Sensitivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Pseudoviruses. J. Virol. 81: 13037-13049 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schindler, M., Rajan, D., Specht, A., Ritter, C., Pulkkinen, K., Saksela, K., Kirchhoff, F. (2007). Association of Nef with p21-Activated Kinase 2 Is Dispensable for Efficient Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication and Cytopathicity in Ex Vivo-Infected Human Lymphoid Tissue. J. Virol. 81: 13005-13014 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jacobs, A., Quraishi, O., Huang, X., Bousquet-Gagnon, N., Nault, G., Francella, N., Alvord, W. G., Pham, N., Soucy, C., Robitaille, M., Bridon, D., Blumenthal, R. (2007). A Covalent Inhibitor Targeting an Intermediate Conformation of the Fusogenic Subunit of the HIV-1 Envelope Complex. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 32406-32413 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Paintsil, E., Dutschman, G. E., Hu, R., Grill, S. P., Lam, W., Baba, M., Tanaka, H., Cheng, Y.-C. (2007). Intracellular Metabolism and Persistence of the Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Activity of 2',3'-Didehydro-3'-Deoxy-4'-Ethynylthymidine, a Novel Thymidine Analog. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51: 3870-3879 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Welch, B. D., VanDemark, A. P., Heroux, A., Hill, C. P., Kay, M. S. (2007). Potent D-peptide inhibitors of HIV-1 entry. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 16828-16833 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jin, H., Shen, X., Baggett, B. R., Kong, X., LiWang, P. J. (2007). The Human CC Chemokine MIP-1beta Dimer Is Not Competent to Bind to the CCR5 Receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 27976-27983 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kaiser, P., Joos, B., Niederost, B., Weber, R., Gunthard, H. F., Fischer, M., the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, (2007). Productive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Peripheral Blood Predominantly Takes Place in CD4/CD8 Double-Negative T Lymphocytes. J. Virol. 81: 9693-9706 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Coren, L. V., Thomas, J. A., Chertova, E., Sowder, R. C. II, Gagliardi, T. D., Gorelick, R. J., Ott, D. E. (2007). Mutational Analysis of the C-Terminal Gag Cleavage Sites in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. J. Virol. 81: 10047-10054 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Manrique, A., Rusert, P., Joos, B., Fischer, M., Kuster, H., Leemann, C., Niederost, B., Weber, R., Stiegler, G., Katinger, H., Gunthard, H. F., Trkola, A. (2007). In Vivo and In Vitro Escape from Neutralizing Antibodies 2G12, 2F5, and 4E10. J. Virol. 81: 8793-8808 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Giacaman, R. A., Nobbs, A. H., Ross, K. F., Herzberg, M. C. (2007). Porphyromonas gingivalis Selectively Up-Regulates the HIV-1 Coreceptor CCR5 in Oral Keratinocytes. J. Immunol. 179: 2542-2550 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Russell, R. A., Pathak, V. K. (2007). Identification of Two Distinct Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vif Determinants Critical for Interactions with Human APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F. J. Virol. 81: 8201-8210 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wain, L. V., Bailes, E., Bibollet-Ruche, F., Decker, J. M., Keele, B. F., Van Heuverswyn, F., Li, Y., Takehisa, J., Ngole, E. M., Shaw, G. M., Peeters, M., Hahn, B. H., Sharp, P. M. (2007). Adaptation of HIV-1 to Its Human Host. Mol Biol Evol 24: 1853-1860 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Takehisa, J., Kraus, M. H., Decker, J. M., Li, Y., Keele, B. F., Bibollet-Ruche, F., Zammit, K. P., Weng, Z., Santiago, M. L., Kamenya, S., Wilson, M. L., Pusey, A. E., Bailes, E., Sharp, P. M., Shaw, G. M., Hahn, B. H. (2007). Generation of Infectious Molecular Clones of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus from Fecal Consensus Sequences of Wild Chimpanzees. J. Virol. 81: 7463-7475 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dhillon, A. K., Donners, H., Pantophlet, R., Johnson, W. E., Decker, J. M., Shaw, G. M., Lee, F.-H., Richman, D. D., Doms, R. W., Vanham, G., Burton, D. R. (2007). Dissecting the Neutralizing Antibody Specificities of Broadly Neutralizing Sera from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Donors. J. Virol. 81: 6548-6562 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chinnadurai, R., Rajan, D., Munch, J., Kirchhoff, F. (2007). Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants Resistant to First- and Second-Version Fusion Inhibitors and Cytopathic in Ex Vivo Human Lymphoid Tissue. J. Virol. 81: 6563-6572 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Flamand, L., Tremblay, M. J., Borgeat, P. (2007). Leukotriene B4 Triggers the In Vitro and In Vivo Release of Potent Antimicrobial Agents. J. Immunol. 178: 8036-8045 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Law, M., Cardoso, R. M. F., Wilson, I. A., Burton, D. R. (2007). Antigenic and Immunogenic Study of Membrane-Proximal External Region-Grafted gp120 Antigens by a DNA Prime-Protein Boost Immunization Strategy. J. Virol. 81: 4272-4285 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Huthoff, H., Malim, M. H. (2007). Identification of Amino Acid Residues in APOBEC3G Required for Regulation by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vif and Virion Encapsidation. J. Virol. 81: 3807-3815 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ray, N., Harrison, J. E., Blackburn, L. A., Martin, J. N., Deeks, S. G., Doms, R. W. (2007). Clinical Resistance to Enfuvirtide Does Not Affect Susceptibility of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to Other Classes of Entry Inhibitors. J. Virol. 81: 3240-3250 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Liu, S., Jing, W., Cheung, B., Lu, H., Sun, J., Yan, X., Niu, J., Farmar, J., Wu, S., Jiang, S. (2007). HIV gp41 C-terminal Heptad Repeat Contains Multifunctional Domains: RELATION TO MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF ANTI-HIV PEPTIDES. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 9612-9620 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Holmes, R. K., Koning, F. A., Bishop, K. N., Malim, M. H. (2007). APOBEC3F Can Inhibit the Accumulation of HIV-1 Reverse Transcription Products in the Absence of Hypermutation: COMPARISONS WITH APOBEC3G. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 2587-2595 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jayaraman, P., Zhu, T., Misher, L., Mohan, D., Kuller, L., Polacino, P., Richardson, B. A., Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H., Anderson, D., Hu, S.-L., Haigwood, N. L. (2007). Evidence for Persistent, Occult Infection in Neonatal Macaques following Perinatal Transmission of Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus SF162P3. J. Virol. 81: 822-834 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bobardt, M. D., Chatterji, U., Selvarajah, S., Van der Schueren, B., David, G., Kahn, B., Gallay, P. A. (2007). Cell-Free Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcytosis through Primary Genital Epithelial Cells. J. Virol. 81: 395-405 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, M., Salazar-Gonzalez, J. F., Derdeyn, C. A., Morris, L., Williamson, C., Robinson, J. E., Decker, J. M., Li, Y., Salazar, M. G., Polonis, V. R., Mlisana, K., Karim, S. A., Hong, K., Greene, K. M., Bilska, M., Zhou, J., Allen, S., Chomba, E., Mulenga, J., Vwalika, C., Gao, F., Zhang, M., Korber, B. T. M., Hunter, E., Hahn, B. H., Montefiori, D. C. (2006). Genetic and Neutralization Properties of Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Molecular env Clones from Acute and Early Heterosexually Acquired Infections in Southern Africa. J. Virol. 80: 11776-11790 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aquaro, S., Svicher, V., Schols, D., Pollicita, M., Antinori, A., Balzarini, J., Perno, C. F. (2006). Mechanisms underlying activity of antiretroviral drugs in HIV-1-infected macrophages: new therapeutic strategies. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80: 1103-1110 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sagar, M., Wu, X., Lee, S., Overbaugh, J. (2006). Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 V1-V2 Envelope Loop Sequences Expand and Add Glycosylation Sites over the Course of Infection, and These Modifications Affect Antibody Neutralization Sensitivity. J. Virol. 80: 9586-9598 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • McCulley, A., Morrow, C. D. (2006). Complementation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by Intracellular Selection of Escherichia coli Formula Supplied in trans. J. Virol. 80: 9641-9650 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aquaro, S., D'Arrigo, R., Svicher, V., Perri, G. D., Caputo, S. L., Visco-Comandini, U., Santoro, M., Bertoli, A., Mazzotta, F., Bonora, S., Tozzi, V., Bellagamba, R., Zaccarelli, M., Narciso, P., Antinori, A., Perno, C. F. (2006). Specific mutations in HIV-1 gp41 are associated with immunological success in HIV-1-infected patients receiving enfuvirtide treatment. J Antimicrob Chemother 58: 714-722 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bishop, K. N., Holmes, R. K., Malim, M. H. (2006). Antiviral Potency of APOBEC Proteins Does Not Correlate with Cytidine Deamination.. J. Virol. 80: 8450-8458 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Labrosse, B., Morand-Joubert, L., Goubard, A., Rochas, S., Labernardiere, J.-L., Pacanowski, J., Meynard, J.-L., Hance, A. J., Clavel, F., Mammano, F. (2006). Role of the envelope genetic context in the development of enfuvirtide resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients.. J. Virol. 80: 8807-8819 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sackett, K., Wexler-Cohen, Y., Shai, Y. (2006). Characterization of the HIV N-terminal Fusion Peptide-containing Region in Context of Key gp41 Fusion Conformations. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 21755-21762 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Peters, P. J., Sullivan, W. M., Duenas-Decamp, M. J., Bhattacharya, J., Ankghuambom, C., Brown, R., Luzuriaga, K., Bell, J., Simmonds, P., Ball, J., Clapham, P. R. (2006). Non-macrophage-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 r5 envelopes predominate in blood, lymph nodes, and semen: implications for transmission and pathogenesis.. J. Virol. 80: 6324-6332 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cole, A. L., Yang, O. O., Warren, A. D., Waring, A. J., Lehrer, R. I., Cole, A. M. (2006). HIV-1 Adapts to a Retrocyclin with Cationic Amino Acid Substitutions That Reduce Fusion Efficiency of gp41.. J. Immunol. 176: 6900-6905 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wexler-Cohen, Y., Johnson, B. T., Puri, A., Blumenthal, R., Shai, Y. (2006). Structurally Altered Peptides Reveal an Important Role for N-terminal Heptad Repeat Binding and Stability in the Inhibitory Action of HIV-1 Peptide DP178. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 9005-9010 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gray, L., Churchill, M. J., Keane, N., Sterjovski, J., Ellett, A. M., Purcell, D. F. J., Poumbourios, P., Kol, C., Wang, B., Saksena, N. K., Wesselingh, S. L., Price, P., French, M., Gabuzda, D., Gorry, P. R. (2006). Genetic and Functional Analysis of R5X4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins Derived from Two Individuals Homozygous for the CCR5{Delta}32 Allele.. J. Virol. 80: 3684-3691 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Briz, V., Poveda, E., Soriano, V. (2006). HIV entry inhibitors: mechanisms of action and resistance pathways. J Antimicrob Chemother 57: 619-627 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Eberhardy, S. R., Goncalves, J., Coelho, S., Segal, D. J., Berkhout, B., Barbas, C. F. III (2006). Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication with Artificial Transcription Factors Targeting the Highly Conserved Primer-Binding Site. J. Virol. 80: 2873-2883 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brunel, F. M., Zwick, M. B., Cardoso, R. M. F., Nelson, J. D., Wilson, I. A., Burton, D. R., Dawson, P. E. (2006). Structure-Function Analysis of the Epitope for 4E10, a Broadly Neutralizing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Antibody. J. Virol. 80: 1680-1687 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, Y., Svehla, K., Mathy, N. L., Voss, G., Mascola, J. R., Wyatt, R. (2006). Characterization of Antibody Responses Elicited by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Primary Isolate Trimeric and Monomeric Envelope Glycoproteins in Selected Adjuvants. J. Virol. 80: 1414-1426 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • WEINBERG, M. S., VILLENEUVE, L. M., EHSANI, A., AMARZGUIOUI, M., AAGAARD, L., CHEN, Z.-X., RIGGS, A. D., ROSSI, J. J., MORRIS, K. V. (2006). The antisense strand of small interfering RNAs directs histone methylation and transcriptional gene silencing in human cells. RNA 12: 256-262 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wu, X., Parast, A. B., Richardson, B. A., Nduati, R., John-Stewart, G., Mbori-Ngacha, D., Rainwater, S. M. J., Overbaugh, J. (2006). Neutralization Escape Variants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Are Transmitted from Mother to Infant. J. Virol. 80: 835-844 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Blay, W.M., Gnanakaran, S., Foley, B., Doria-Rose, N. A., Korber, B. T., Haigwood, N. L. (2006). Consistent Patterns of Change during the Divergence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope from That of the Inoculated Virus in Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques. J. Virol. 80: 999-1014 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Amberg, S. M., Netter, R. C., Simmons, G., Bates, P. (2006). Expanded Tropism and Altered Activation of a Retroviral Glycoprotein Resistant to an Entry Inhibitor Peptide. J. Virol. 80: 353-359 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Amara, R. R., Patel, K., Niedziela, G., Nigam, P., Sharma, S., Staprans, S. I., Montefiori, D. C., Chenareddi, L., Herndon, J. G., Robinson, H. L., McClure, H. M., Novembre, F. J. (2005). A Combination DNA and Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Strategy Provides Enhanced Protection from Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Induced Disease. J. Virol. 79: 15356-15367 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sanghavi, S. K., Reinhart, T. A. (2005). Increased Expression of TLR3 in Lymph Nodes during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Implications for Inflammation and Immunodeficiency. J. Immunol. 175: 5314-5323 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Repits, J., Oberg, M., Esbjornsson, J., Medstrand, P., Karlsson, A., Albert, J., Fenyo, E. M., Jansson, M. (2005). Selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 R5 variants with augmented replicative capacity and reduced sensitivity to entry inhibitors during severe immunodeficiency. J. Gen. Virol. 86: 2859-2869 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Steckbeck, J. D., Orlov, I., Chow, A., Grieser, H., Miller, K., Bruno, J., Robinson, J. E., Montelaro, R. C., Cole, K. S. (2005). Kinetic Rates of Antibody Binding Correlate with Neutralization Sensitivity of Variant Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Strains. J. Virol. 79: 12311-12320 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Raviv, Y., Viard, M., Bess, J. W Jr., Chertova, E., Blumenthal, R. (2005). Inactivation of Retroviruses with Preservation of Structural Integrity by Targeting the Hydrophobic Domain of the Viral Envelope. J. Virol. 79: 12394-12400 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mink, M., Mosier, S. M., Janumpalli, S., Davison, D., Jin, L., Melby, T., Sista, P., Erickson, J., Lambert, D., Stanfield-Oakley, S. A., Salgo, M., Cammack, N., Matthews, T., Greenberg, M. L. (2005). Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41 Amino Acid Substitutions Selected during Enfuvirtide Treatment on gp41 Binding and Antiviral Potency of Enfuvirtide In Vitro. J. Virol. 79: 12447-12454 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»