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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, August 2002, p. 2679-2683, Vol. 46, No. 8
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.8.2679-2683.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Transmission Electron Microscopic Study of Antibiotic Action on Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilm
Jeff Zahller and Philip S. Stewart*
Center for Biofilm Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Montana State UniversityBozeman, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3980
Received 16 October 2001/
Returned for modification 16 March 2002/
Accepted 4 May 2002
The penetration of ampicillin and ciprofloxacin through biofilms formed by Klebsiella pneumoniae was confirmed by transmission electron microscopic observation of antibiotic-affected cells at the distal edge of the biofilm. Because the bacteria nevertheless survived antibiotic treatment, some protective mechanism other than inadequate penetration must have been at work in the biofilm.
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, 366 EPS Building, Bozeman, MT 59717-3980. Phone: (406) 994-2890. Fax: (406) 994-6098. E-mail:
phil_s{at}erc.montana.edu.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, August 2002, p. 2679-2683, Vol. 46, No. 8
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.8.2679-2683.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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