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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 2002, p. 2948-2955, Vol. 46, No. 9
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.9.2948-2955.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Cassettes aac(6')-Ib, dfrA5, dfrA12, and ereA2 in Class I Integrons in Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Strains in India

M. Thungapathra,1 Amita,1 Kislay K. Sinha,1 Saumya Ray Chaudhuri,1 Pallavi Garg,2 Thandavarayan Ramamurthy,2 Gopinath Balakrish Nair,2,3 and Amit Ghosh1*

Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh,1 National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Calcutta, India,2 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh3

Received 11 December 2001/ Returned for modification 10 April 2002/ Accepted 31 May 2002

Molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance in Vibrio cholerae belonging to non-O1, non-O139 serogroups isolated during 1997 to 1998 in Calcutta, India, were investigated. Out of the 94 strains examined, 22 strains were found to have class I integrons. The gene cassettes identified were dfrA1, dfrA15, dfrA5, and dfrA12 for trimethoprim; aac(6')-Ib for amikacin and tobramycin; aadA1 and aadA2 for streptomycin and spectinomycin; and ereA2 for erythromycin resistance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of dfrA5, dfrA12, aac(6')-Ib, and ereA2 cassettes in class I integrons of V. cholerae. Forty-three of 94 strains also had plasmids, and out of these, 14 contained both class I integrons and plasmids. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis followed by Southern hybridization revealed that in the 14 plasmid-bearing strains, class I integrons resided either on chromosomes, on plasmids, or on both. Our results indicated that besides class I integrons and plasmids, a conjugative transposon element, SXT, possibly contributed to the multiple antibiotic resistance.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh 160036, India. Phone: 91-172-690785/690684. Fax: 91-172-690585/690632. E-mail: director{at}imtech.res.in.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 2002, p. 2948-2955, Vol. 46, No. 9
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.9.2948-2955.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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