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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2003, p. 2161-2168, Vol. 47, No. 7
0066-4804/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.7.2161-2168.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Nalidixic Acid-Resistant Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Retail Chicken Products

James R. Johnson,1* Andrew C. Murray,1 Abby Gajewski,1 Maureen Sullivan,2 Paula Snippes,2 Michael A. Kuskowski,3,4 and Kirk E. Smith2

Medical Service,1 Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center,3 Minnesota Department of Health,2 Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota4

Received 3 July 2002/ Returned for modification 19 September 2002/ Accepted 14 April 2003

Fluoroquinolone use in poultry production may select for resistant Escherichia coli that can be transmitted to humans. To define the prevalence and virulence potential of poultry-associated, quinolone-resistant E. coli in the United States, 169 retail chicken products from the Minneapolis-St. Paul area (1999 to 2000) were screened for nalidixic acid (Nal)-resistant E. coli. Sixty-two (37%) products yielded Nal-resistant E. coli. From 55 products that yielded both Nal-resistant and susceptible E. coli, two isolates (one resistant, one susceptible) per sample were further characterized. Twenty-three (21%) of the 110 E. coli isolates (13 resistant, 10 susceptible) satisfied criteria for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), i.e., exhibited ≥2 of pap (P fimbriae), sfa/foc (S/F1C fimbriae), afa/dra (Dr binding adhesins), iutA (aerobactin receptor), and kpsMT II (group 2 capsule synthesis). Compared with other isolates, ExPEC isolates more often derived from virulence-associated E. coli phylogenetic groups B2 or D (74% versus 32%; P < 0.001) and exhibited more ExPEC-associated virulence markers (median, 10.0 versus 4.0; P < 0.001). In contrast, the Nal-resistant and -susceptible populations were indistinguishable according to all characteristics analyzed, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles. These findings indicate that Nal-resistant E. coli is prevalent in retail poultry products and that a substantial minority of such strains represent potential human pathogens. The similarity of the Nal-resistant and -susceptible populations suggests that they derive from the same source population, presumably the avian fecal flora, with Nal resistance emerging by spontaneous mutation as a result of fluoroquinolone exposure.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of Minnesota, Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases (111F), Minneapolis VA Medical Center, 1 Veterans Dr., Minneapolis, MN 55417. Phone: (612) 725-2000, ext. 4185. Fax: (612) 727-5995. E-mail: johns007{at}tc.umn.edu.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2003, p. 2161-2168, Vol. 47, No. 7
0066-4804/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.7.2161-2168.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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