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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2003, p. 2204-2207, Vol. 47, No. 7
0066-4804/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.7.2204-2207.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Randomized Open Trial of Gentamicin and Doxycycline for Eradication of Bartonella quintana from Blood in Patients with Chronic Bacteremia

Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, IFR48, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05 Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Nord, Chemin des Bourrelys, 13915 Marseille Cedex 20, France

Received 2 December 2002/ Returned for modification 10 March 2003/ Accepted 29 April 2003

Chronic Bartonella quintana bacteremia is known to occur in homeless people exposed to lice. We present here the results of an open randomized trial performed to evaluate the efficacy of doxycycline in combination with gentamicin in the eradication of B. quintana bacteremia. From 1 January 2001 to 1 April 2002, homeless people with blood cultures positive for B. quintana were randomized to receive either no treatment (untreated controls) or a combination of gentamicin (3 mg/kg of body weight/day intravenously for 14 days) and doxycycline (200 mg/day orally for 28 days). Patients were evaluated from the results of blood cultures performed between day 28 (the end of treatment) and day 90 postinclusion. Intention-to-treat analysis of 20 included patients showed eradication of bacteremia in 7 out of 9 treated patients versus 2 out of 11 untreated controls (P = 0.01). In the per-protocol analysis, eradication was obtained for 7 out of 7 treated patients versus 2 out of 9 untreated controls (P = 0.003). This study demonstrates the efficiency of the combination of doxycycline and gentamicin in eradicating B. quintana bacteremia.

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