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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, January 2004, p. 151-160, Vol. 48, No. 1
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.1.151-160.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Biofilm Formation by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Modulation by Quinolones, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, and Ceftazidime

Giovanni Di Bonaventura,1,2 Ilaria Spedicato,1,2 Domenico D'Antonio,3 Iole Robuffo,4 and Raffaele Piccolomini1,2*

Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Laboratorio di Microbiologia Clinica,1 Centro di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento,2 Università "G. D'Annunzio"Istituto per i Trapianti d'organo e Immunocitologia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sezione di Chieti, Chieti,4 Servizio di Microbiologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Ematologia ed Oncologia, Ospedale Spirito Santo, ASL Pescara, Italy3

Received 13 January 2003/ Returned for modification 8 July 2003/ Accepted 4 October 2003

We investigated the in vitro effects of seven fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and rufloxacin), compared to those of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) and ceftazidime on total biomass and cell viability of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm. S. maltophilia attached rapidly to polystyrene, within 2 h of incubation, and then biofilm formation increased over time, reaching maximum growth at 24 h. In the presence of fluoroquinolones at one-half and one-fourth the MIC, biofilm biomass was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced to 55 to 70% and 66 to 76% of original mass, respectively. Ceftazidime and SXT did not exert any activity. Biofilm bacterial viability was significantly reduced by all antibiotics tested at one-half the MIC. At one-fourth the MIC all antibiotics, except levofloxacin, significantly reduced viability. Treatment of preformed biofilms with bactericidal concentrations (500, 100, and 50 µg/ml) of all fluoroquinolones caused, except for norfloxacin, significant reduction of biofilm biomass to 29.5 to 78.8, 64.1 to 83.6, and 70.5 to 82.8% of original mass, respectively. SXT exerted significant activity at 500 µg/ml only. Ceftazidime was completely inactive. Rufloxacin exhibited the highest activity on preformed biofilm viability, significantly decreasing viable counts by 0.6, 5.4, and 17.1% at 500, 100, and 50 µg/ml, respectively. Our results show that (i) subinhibitory (one-half and one-fourth the MIC) concentrations of fluoroquinolones inhibit adherence of S. maltophilia to polystyrene and (ii) clinically achievable concentrations (50 and 100 µg/ml) of rufloxacin are able to eradicate preformed S. maltophilia biofilm.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Lab. 27, 5° Livello, Università "G. D'Annunzio," Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy. Phone: (39) 0871 355 52 83. Fax: (39) 0871 355 52 82. E-mail: r.piccolomini{at}dsb.unich.it.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, January 2004, p. 151-160, Vol. 48, No. 1
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.1.151-160.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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