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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, October 2004, p. 3989-3995, Vol. 48, No. 10
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.10.3989-3995.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Tetracycline Resistance in Chlamydia suis Mediated by Genomic Islands Inserted into the Chlamydial inv-Like Gene

Jae Dugan,1 Daniel D. Rockey,1* Loren Jones,2 and Arthur A. Andersen2

Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon,1 National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agriculture Research Service, Ames, Iowa2

Received 16 December 2003/ Returned for modification 17 February 2004/ Accepted 11 June 2004

Many strains of Chlamydia suis, a pathogen of pigs, express a stable tetracycline resistance phenotype. We demonstrate that this resistance pattern is associated with a resistance gene, tet(C), in the chlamydial chromosome. Four related genomic islands were identified in seven tetracycline-resistant C. suis strains. All resistant isolates carry the structural gene tet(C) and the tetracycline repressor gene tetR(C). The islands share significant nucleotide sequence identity with resistance plasmids carried by a variety of different bacterial species. Three of the four tet(C) islands also carry a novel insertion sequence that is homologous to the IS605 family of insertion sequences. In each strain, the resistance gene and associated sequences are recombined into an identical position in a gene homologous to the inv gene of the yersiniae. These genomic islands represent the first examples of horizontally acquired DNA integrated into a natural isolate of chlamydiae or within any other obligate intracellular bacterium.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, 106 Dryden Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-4804. Phone: (541) 737-2485. Fax: (541) 737-2730. E-mail: rockeyd{at}orst.edu.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, October 2004, p. 3989-3995, Vol. 48, No. 10
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.10.3989-3995.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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