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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, December 2004, p. 4520-4527, Vol. 48, No. 12
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.12.4520-4527.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Macrolide Rokitamycin and Chlorpromazine against Acanthamoeba castellanii

A. Mattana,1* G. Biancu,1 L. Alberti,1 A. Accardo,1 G. Delogu,2 P. L. Fiori,2 and P. Cappuccinelli2

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy2

Received 5 May 2004/ Returned for modification 3 June 2004/ Accepted 27 July 2004

The present study demonstrates the in vitro effectiveness of the macrolide rokitamycin and the phenothiazine compound chlorpromazine against Acanthamoeba castellanii. Growth curve evaluations revealed that both drugs inhibit trophozoite growth in dose- and time-dependent ways. The effects of both drugs when they were used at the MICs at which 100% of isolates are inhibited were amoebistatic, but at higher doses they were amoebicidal as well as cysticidal. Experiments showed that when rokitamycin was associated with chlorpromazine or amphotericin B, rokitamycin enhanced their activities. Furthermore, low doses of rokitamycin and chlorpromazine, alone or in combination, blocked the cytopathic effect of A. castellanii against WKD cells derived from the human cornea. These results may have important significance in the development of new anti-Acanthamoeba compounds.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Via Muroni 23/A, 07100 Sassari, Italy. Phone: 39-079-228744. Fax: 39-079-228712. E-mail: dsfanto{at}uniss.it.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, December 2004, p. 4520-4527, Vol. 48, No. 12
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.12.4520-4527.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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