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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, June 2004, p. 2199-2205, Vol. 48, No. 6
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.6.2199-2205.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Phosphorothioate Di- and Trinucleotides as a Novel Class of Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Agents

Radhakrishnan P. Iyer,^1, Yi Jin,^1, Arlene Roland,¹ John D. Morrey,² Samir Mounir,^1, and Brent Korba^3*

Origenix Technologies, Inc., St. Laurent, Quebec, Canada,¹ Institute for Antiviral Research, Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah,² Georgetown University, Division of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Rockville, Maryland³

Received 20 March 2003/ Returned for modification 13 June 2003/ Accepted 25 November 2003

Several nucleoside analogs are under clinical development for use against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Lamivudine (3TC), a nucleoside analog, and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV), an acyclonucleotide analog, are clinically approved. However, long-term treatment can induce viral resistance, and following the cessation of therapy, viral rebound is frequently observed. There continues to be a need for new antiviral agents with novel mechanisms of action. A library of more than 600 di- and trinucleotide compounds synthesized by parallel synthesis using a combinatorial strategy was screened for potential inhibitors of HBV replication using the chronically HBV-producing cell line 2.2.15. Through an iterative process of synthesis, lead optimization, and screening, three analogs were identified as potent inhibitors of HBV replication: dinucleotides ORI-7246 (drug concentration at which a 10-fold reduction of HBV DNA was observed [EC₉₀], 1.4 µM) and ORI-9020 (EC₉₀, 1.2 µM) and trinucleotide ORI-7170 (EC₉₀, 7.2 µM). These analogs inhibited the replication of both strands of HBV DNA. No suppression of HBV protein synthesis or intracellular core particle formation by these analogs was observed. No inhibition of HBV DNA strand elongation by the analogs or their 5'-triphosphate versions was apparent in in vitro polymerase assays. Although the exact mechanism of action is not yet identified, present data are consistent with an inhibition of the HBV reverse transcriptase-directed priming step prior to elongation of the first viral DNA strand. In transient-transfection assays, these analogs inhibited the replication of 3TC-resistant HBV. Synergistic interactions in combination treatments between the analogs and either 3TC or ADV were observed. These compounds represent a novel class of anti-HBV molecules and warrant further investigation as potential therapeutic agents.

Present address: Spring Bank Technologies, Inc., Worcester, Mass.

Present address: Biota Inc., Carlsbad, Calif.

Present address: Polygone Pharma Inc., Laval, Quebec, Canada.

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