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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2004, p. 2364-2369, Vol. 48, No. 7
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.7.2364-2369.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Antibiotic Resistance Conferred by a Class I Integron and SXT Constin in Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains Isolated in Laos

Masaaki Iwanaga,1 Claudia Toma,1* Tomoko Miyazato,1 Sithat Insisiengmay,2 Noboru Nakasone,1 and Masahiko Ehara3

Division of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215,1 Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan,3 Center for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic2

Received 8 August 2003/ Returned for modification 2 January 2004/ Accepted 28 March 2004

Changes in the drug susceptibility pattern were observed in Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated in the Lao People's Democratic Republic during 1993 to 2000. In this study, 50 V. cholerae O1 strains were selected during this period for studying the presence of class I integron and SXT constin. Twenty-four streptomycin-resistant strains out of 26 isolated before 1997 contained a class I integron harboring the aadA1 gene cassette. Twenty-four strains isolated after 1997 contained an SXT constin (a large conjugative element). Twenty of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while four strains were susceptible to the antibiotic tested. The resistance genes included in the SXT constins were floR, tetA, strAB, and sulII, which encode resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole, respectively. The antibiotic resistance gene cluster was found to be deleted in the four susceptible strains. SXTLAOS did not contain dfrA1 or dfr18, which confer resistance to trimethoprim in SXTET and SXTMO10, respectively. A hot spot region of SXTLAOS was sequenced, and we identified two novel open reading frames showing homology to sO24 (exonuclease) and sO23 (helicase) of the genomic island associated with the multidrug resistance region of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104. Analysis of SXTLAOS showed that there is a continuous flux of genes among V. cholerae SXT constins which should be carefully monitored.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan. Phone: 81-98-895-1124. Fax: 81-98-895-1408. E-mail: k950417{at}med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2004, p. 2364-2369, Vol. 48, No. 7
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.7.2364-2369.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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