This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Cantón, E. Articles by Espinel-Ingroff, A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Cantón, E. Articles by Espinel-Ingroff, A.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2004, p. 2477-2482, Vol. 48, No. 7
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.7.2477-2482.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Patterns of Amphotericin B Killing Kinetics against Seven Candida Species

Unidad de Microbiología Experimental-Centro de Investigación,¹ Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, 46009 Valencia, Spain,² Division of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0049³

Received 28 November 2003/ Returned for modification 1 February 2004/ Accepted 1 April 2004

In a previous study tolerance to amphotericin B (AMB) was found among Candida parapsilosis and C. dubliniensis strains by seeding the whole volumes of wells used for MIC determinations, and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) for non-C. albicans Candida strains were demonstrated to be above the levels safely achievable in serum. As an extension of that study, we performed time-kill assays with 26 blood culture isolates (6 C. albicans, 5 C. parapsilosis, 5 C. krusei, 4 C. glabrata, 3 C. lusitaniae, and 3 C. tropicalis isolates), 3 oropharyngeal C. dubliniensis isolates, 3 AMB-susceptible isolates (ATCC 90028, ATCC 22019, ATCC 6254), and 6 AMB-resistant isolates (ATCC 200955, ATCC 200956, ATCC 200950, ATCC 200951, ATCC 200952, ATCC 200953) using RPMI 1640 medium and 0.12 to 32 µg of AMB per ml and determined the numbers of CFU per milliliter at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h. MFCs and time-kill patterns were species specific (MFCs, 1 µg/ml for all C. dubliniensis and C. albicans isolates except AMB-resistant strain ATCC 200955; MFCs, 2 to >16 µg/ml for the other isolates). The times required to reach the fungicidal endpoint (99.9% killing) at four times the MIC were 2 h for C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, 16 h for C. glabrata, 24 h for C. parapsilosis and C. lusitaniae, and 40 h for C. tropicalis and C. krusei. The killing rate increased as the AMB concentration was increased up to 2 µg/ml. The highest killing rates were achieved for C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and C. lusitaniae, while viable C. tropicalis, C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis cells were present after 48 h (MICs, 2 µg/ml) when AMB was used at 2 µg/ml. Time-kill curves and MFCs can detect viable cells after 48 h when AMB is used at 2 µg/ml. The failure of AMB treatment could be due to its poor killing activity against some species at the concentrations reached in patients' serum.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Spreghini, E., Maida, C. M., Tomassetti, S., Orlando, F., Giannini, D., Milici, M. E., Scalise, G., Barchiesi, F. (2008). Posaconazole against Candida glabrata Isolates with Various Susceptibilities to Fluconazole. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52: 1929-1933 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Gibbs, D. L., Newell, V. A., Nagy, E., Dobiasova, S., Rinaldi, M., Barton, R., Veselov, A., the Global Antifungal Surveillance Group, (2008). Candida krusei, a Multidrug-Resistant Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen: Geographic and Temporal Trends from the ARTEMIS DISK Antifungal Surveillance Program, 2001 to 2005. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 515-521 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Canton, E., Peman, J., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Martin-Mazuelos, E., Carrillo-Munoz, A., Martinez, J. P. (2008). Comparison of disc diffusion assay with the CLSI reference method (M27-A2) for testing in vitro posaconazole activity against common and uncommon yeasts. J Antimicrob Chemother 61: 135-138 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Soczo, G., Kardos, G., McNicholas, P. M., Balogh, E., Gergely, L., Varga, I., Kelentey, B., Majoros, L. (2007). Correlation of posaconazole minimum fungicidal concentration and time kill test against nine Candida species. J Antimicrob Chemother 60: 1004-1009 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J. (2007). Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis: a Persistent Public Health Problem. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 20: 133-163 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Benincasa, M., Scocchi, M., Pacor, S., Tossi, A., Nobili, D., Basaglia, G., Busetti, M., Gennaro, R. (2006). Fungicidal activity of five cathelicidin peptides against clinically isolated yeasts. J Antimicrob Chemother 58: 950-959 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Canton, E., Peman, J., Sastre, M., Romero, M., Espinel-Ingroff, A. (2006). Killing Kinetics of Caspofungin, Micafungin, and Amphotericin B against Candida guilliermondii.. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50: 2829-2832 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rukayadi, Y., Yong, D., Hwang, J.-K. (2006). In vitro anticandidal activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. J Antimicrob Chemother 57: 1231-1234 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Peman, J., Jarque, I., Bosch, M., Canton, E., Salavert, M., de Llanos, R., Molina, A. (2006). Spondylodiscitis Caused by Candida krusei: Case Report and Susceptibility Patterns.. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 1912-1914 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Barchiesi, F., Spreghini, E., Tomassetti, S., Arzeni, D., Giannini, D., Scalise, G. (2005). Comparison of the Fungicidal Activities of Caspofungin and Amphotericin B against Candida glabrata. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49: 4989-4992 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Canton, E., Peman, J., Gobernado, M., Viudes, A., Espinel-Ingroff, A. (2005). Synergistic Activities of Fluconazole and Voriconazole with Terbinafine against Four Candida Species Determined by Checkerboard, Time-Kill, and Etest Methods. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49: 1593-1596 [Abstract] [Full Text]