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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 2004, p. 3442-3450, Vol. 48, No. 9
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.9.3442-3450.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Incidence of Antibiotic Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni Isolated in Alberta, Canada, from 1999 to 2002, with Special Reference to tet(O)-Mediated Tetracycline Resistance

Amera Gibreel,1,{dagger} Dobryan M. Tracz,1,{dagger} Lisa Nonaka,1,{ddagger} Trinh M. Ngo,1 Sean R. Connell,1,§ and Diane E. Taylor1,2*

Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,1 Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada2

Received 26 February 2004/ Returned for modification 10 April 2004/ Accepted 19 May 2004

Of 203 human clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni from Alberta, Canada (1999 to 2002), 101 isolates (50%) were resistant to at least 64 µg of tetracycline/ml, with four isolates exhibiting higher levels of tetracycline resistance (512 µg/ml). In total, the MICs for 37% of tetracycline-resistant isolates (256 to 512 µg/ml) were higher than those previously reported in C. jejuni (64 to 128 µg/ml). In the tetracycline-resistant clinical isolates, 67% contained plasmids and all contained the tet(O) gene. Four isolates resistant to high levels of tetracycline (MIC = 512 µg/ml) contained plasmids carrying the tet(O) gene, which could be transferred to other isolates of C. jejuni. The tetracycline MICs for transconjugants were comparable to those of the donors. Cloning of tet(O) from the four high-level tetracycline-resistant isolates conferred an MIC of 32 µg/ml for Escherichia coli DH5{alpha}. In contrast, transfer to a strain of C. jejuni by using mobilization conferred an MIC of 128 µg/ml. DNA sequence analysis determined that the tet(O) genes encoding lower MICs (64 to 128 µg/ml) were identical to one other, although the tet(O) genes encoding a 512-µg/ml MIC demonstrated several nucleotide substitutions. The quinolone resistance determining region of four ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates (2%) was analyzed, and resistance was associated with a chromosomal mutation in the gyrA gene resulting in a Thr-86-Ile substitution. In addition, six kanamycin-resistant isolates contained large plasmids that carry the aphA-3 marker coding for 3'-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase. Resistance to erythromycin was not detected in 203 isolates. In general, resistance to most antibiotics in C. jejuni remains low, except for resistance to tetracycline, which has increased from about 8 to 50% over the past 20 years.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 1-28 Medical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7 Canada. Phone: (780) 492-4777. Fax: (780) 492-7521. E-mail: diane.taylor{at}ualberta.ca.

{dagger} A.G. and D.M.T. contributed equally to this work.

{ddagger} Present address: Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES) Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577 Japan.

§ Present address: Institut für Medizinishe Physik und Biophysik, Universitätsklinikum Charite, 10117 Berlin, Germany.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 2004, p. 3442-3450, Vol. 48, No. 9
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.9.3442-3450.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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