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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2005, p. 1150-1156, Vol. 49, No. 3
0066-4804/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.49.3.1150-1156.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases among Enterobacter Isolates Obtained in Tel Aviv, Israel

Jacob Schlesinger,1 Shiri Navon-Venezia,1 Inna Chmelnitsky,1 Orly Hammer-Münz,1 Azita Leavitt,1 Howard S. Gold,2 Mitchell J. Schwaber,1 and Yehuda Carmeli1*

Division of Epidemiology and the Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology and Antibiotic Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel,1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts2

Received 7 June 2004/ Returned for modification 24 August 2004/ Accepted 14 November 2004

The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing phenotype is frequent among Enterobacter isolates at the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. We examined the clonal relatedness and characterized the ESBLs of a collection of these strains. Clonal relatedness was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) and transconjugation experiments were performed. ESBL gene families were screened by colony hybridization and PCR for blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaIBC, blaPER, blaOXA, blaVEB, and blaSFO; and the PCR products were sequenced. The 17 Enterobacter isolates studied comprised 15 distinct genotypes. All isolates showed at least one IEF band (range, one to five bands) whose appearance was suppressed by addition of clavulanate; pIs ranged from 5.4 to ≥8.2. Colony hybridization identified at least one family of beta-lactamase genes in 11 isolates: 10 harbored blaTEM and 9 harbored blaSHV. PCR screening and sequence analysis of the PCR products for blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M identified TEM-1 in 11 isolates, SHV-12 in 7 isolates, SHV-1 in 1 isolate, a CTX-M-2-like gene in 2 isolates, and CTX-M-26 in 1 isolate. In transconjugation experiments with four isolates harboring blaTEM-1 and blaSHV-12, both genes were simultaneously transferred to the recipient strain Escherichia coli HB101. Plasmid mapping, PCR, and Southern analysis with TEM- and SHV-specific probes demonstrated that a single transferred plasmid carried both the TEM-1 and the SHV-12 genes. The widespread presence of ESBLs among Enterobacter isolates in Tel Aviv is likely due not to clonal spread but, rather, to plasmid-mediated transfer, at times simultaneously, of genes encoding several types of enzymes. The dominant ESBL identified was SHV-12.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann St., Tel Aviv 64239, Israel. Phone: 972 3 692 5644. Fax: 972 3 697 4966. E-mail: ycarmeli{at}bidmc.harvard.edu.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2005, p. 1150-1156, Vol. 49, No. 3
0066-4804/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.49.3.1150-1156.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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