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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2005, p. 895-902, Vol. 49, No. 3
0066-4804/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.49.3.895-902.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Bactericidal Effects of Toluidine Blue-Mediated Photodynamic Action on Vibrio vulnificus

Tak-Wah Wong,1,2 Yin-Yi Wang,3,4 Hamm-Ming Sheu,1 and Yin-Ching Chuang3*

Department of Dermatology,1 Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University,2 Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center,3 Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan4

Received 4 August 2004/ Returned for modification 8 September 2004/ Accepted 25 October 2004

Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative, highly invasive bacterium responsible for human opportunistic infections. We studied the antibacterial effects of toluidine blue O (TBO)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) for V. vulnificus wound infections in mice. Fifty-three percent (10 of 19) of mice treated with 100 µg of TBO per ml and exposed to broad-spectrum red light (150 J/cm2 at 80 mW/cm2) survived, even though systemic septicemia had been established with a bacterial inoculum 100 times the 50% lethal dose. In vitro, the bacteria were killed after exposure to a lower light dose (100 J/cm2 at 80 mW/cm2) in the presence of low-dose TBO (0.1 µg/ml). PDT severely damaged the cell wall and reduced cell motility and virulence. Cell-killing effects were dependent on the TBO concentration and light doses and were mediated partly through the reactive oxygen species generated during the photodynamic reaction. Our study has demonstrated that PDT can cure mice with otherwise fatal V. vulnificus wound infections. These promising results suggest the potential of this regimen as a possible alternative to antibiotics in future clinical applications.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901 Chung-Hwa Rd., Yung-Kang City, Tainan 710, Taiwan. Phone: 886-6-281-2811, ext. 52612. Fax: 886-6-2517849. E-mail: chuangkenneth{at}hotmail.com.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2005, p. 895-902, Vol. 49, No. 3
0066-4804/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.49.3.895-902.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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