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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2005, p. 2816-2821, Vol. 49, No. 7
0066-4804/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.49.7.2816-2821.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Imipenem for Treatment of Tuberculosis in Mice and Humans

Henry F. Chambers,* Joan Turner, Gisela F. Schecter, Masae Kawamura, and Philip C. Hopewell

Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California

Received 22 December 2004/ Returned for modification 24 January 2005/ Accepted 23 March 2005

Chemotherapy of tuberculosis caused by multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) strains is problematic because of choices limited to relatively inefficacious and toxic drugs. Some beta-lactam antibiotics are active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. We investigated the efficacy of imipenem in a mouse model of tuberculosis and in humans with MDR tuberculosis. Mice infected with M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv were treated with isoniazid or imipenem. Residual organisms in lung and spleen and survival of imipenem-treated mice were compared to those of untreated or isoniazid-treated mice. Ten patients with MDR tuberculosis also were treated with imipenem in combination with other first- or second-line agents; elimination of M. tuberculosis from sputum samples was measured by quantitative culture. Although it was less effective than isoniazid, imipenem significantly reduced the numbers of M. tuberculosis organisms in lungs and spleens and improved survival of mice. Eight of 10 patients with numerous risk factors for poor outcomes responded to imipenem combination therapy with conversion of cultures to negative. Seven remained culture-negative off of therapy. There were two deaths, one of which was due to active tuberculosis. Organisms were eliminated from the sputa of responders at a rate of 0.35 log10 CFU/ml/week. Relapse upon withdrawal of imipenem and development of resistance to imipenem in a nonresponder suggest that imipenem exerts antimycobacterial activity in humans infected with M. tuberculosis. Imipenem had antimycobacterial activity both in a mouse model and in humans at high risk for failure of treatment for MDR tuberculosis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Box 0811, Division of Infectious Diseases, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, 3rd and Parnassus Avenues, San Francisco, CA 94143. Phone: (415) 206-5437. Fax: (415)206-6015. E-mail: chipc{at}itsa.ucsf.edu.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2005, p. 2816-2821, Vol. 49, No. 7
0066-4804/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.49.7.2816-2821.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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