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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2005, p. 3021-3024, Vol. 49, No. 7
0066-4804/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.49.7.3021-3024.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Progressive Increase in Antimicrobial Resistance among Invasive Isolates of Haemophilus influenzae Obtained from Children Admitted to a Hospital in Kilifi, Kenya, from 1994 to 2002

J. Anthony G. Scott,1,2* Salim Mwarumba,1 Caroline Ngetsa,1 Salome Njenga,1 Brett S. Lowe,1 Mary P. E. Slack,3 James A. Berkley,1 Isaiah Mwangi,1 Kathryn Maitland,1,4 Mike English,1,5 and Kevin Marsh1,2

Wellcome Trust/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research—Coast, Kilifi, Kenya,1 Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine,2 Department of Paediatrics, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital,5 Health Protection Agency Haemophilus Reference Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Haemophilus influenzae, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford,3 Department of Academic Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom4

Received 29 September 2004/ Returned for modification 14 November 2004/ Accepted 1 March 2005

Etest susceptibilities to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole of 240 invasive isolates of Haemophilus influenzae cultured from children in rural Kenya were 66%, 66%, and 38%, respectively. Resistance increased markedly over 9 years and was concentrated among serotype b isolates. In Africa, the increasing cost of treating resistant infections supports economic arguments for prevention through conjugate H. influenzae type b immunization.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Wellcome Trust/KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research—Coast, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya. Phone: 254 415 25453. Fax: 254 415 22390. E-mail: pneumo{at}ikilifi.net.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2005, p. 3021-3024, Vol. 49, No. 7
0066-4804/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.49.7.3021-3024.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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