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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 2006, p. 542-546, Vol. 50, No. 2
0066-4804/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.50.2.542-546.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Influence of Apigenin on gtf Gene Expression in Streptococcus mutans UA159

Hyun Koo,1* Jennifer Seils,1 Jacqueline Abranches,2 Robert A. Burne,2 William H. Bowen,1 and Robert G. Quivey Jr.1

Eastman Department of Dentistry and Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York,1 Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida2

Received 12 September 2005/ Returned for modification 2 November 2005/ Accepted 21 November 2005

Apigenin, a potent inhibitor of glucosyltransferase activity, affects the accumulation of Streptococcus mutans biofilms in vitro by reducing the formation of insoluble glucans and enhancing the soluble glucan content of the polysaccharide matrix. In the present study, we investigated the influence of apigenin on gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD expression in S. mutans UA159. Apigenin (0.1 mM) significantly decreased the expression of gtfB and gtfC mRNA (P < 0.05); in contrast, it increased the expression of gtfD in S. mutans growing in the planktonic state. The protein levels of GTF B, GTF C, and GTF D in culture supernatants were also affected; less GTF B and C were detected, whereas the level of GTF D was significantly elevated (P < 0.05). A similar profile of gtf expression was obtained with biofilms, although an elevated concentration (1 mM) of apigenin was required to elicit the effects. The influence of apigenin on gtf gene expression was independent of any effect on GTF activity, did not involve inhibition of growth or effects on pH, and was not affected by addition of sucrose. The data show that apigenin modulates the genetic expression of virulence factors in S. mutans.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of Rochester Medical Center, Eastman Department of Dentistry and Center for Oral Biology, 625 Elmwood Ave., Box 683, Rochester, NY 14620. Phone: (585) 273-4216. Fax: (585) 276-0190. E-mail: Hyun_Koo{at}urmc.rochester.edu.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 2006, p. 542-546, Vol. 50, No. 2
0066-4804/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.50.2.542-546.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Koo, H., Jeon, J. G. (2009). Naturally Occurring Molecules as Alternative Therapeutic Agents against Cariogenic Biofilms. ADR 21: 63-68 [Full Text]  
  • Klein, M. I., Duarte, S., Xiao, J., Mitra, S., Foster, T. H., Koo, H. (2009). Structural and Molecular Basis of the Role of Starch and Sucrose in Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Development. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 837-841 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Koo, H. (2008). Strategies to Enhance the Biological Effects of Fluoride on Dental Biofilms. ADR 20: 17-21 [Full Text]  


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