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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2006, p. 1013-1020, Vol. 50, No. 3
0066-4804/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.50.3.1013-1020.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

SCH 503034, a Mechanism-Based Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease, Suppresses Polyprotein Maturation and Enhances the Antiviral Activity of Alpha Interferon in Replicon Cells

B. A. Malcolm,1 R. Liu,1 F. Lahser,1 S. Agrawal,1 B. Belanger,4 N. Butkiewicz,1 R. Chase,1 F. Gheyas,4 A. Hart,1 D. Hesk,2 P. Ingravallo,1 C. Jiang,1 R. Kong,1 J. Lu,1 J. Pichardo,1 A. Prongay,3 A. Skelton,1 X. Tong,1 S. Venkatraman,2 E. Xia,1 V. Girijavallabhan,2 and F. G. Njoroge2*

Virology,1 Medicinal Chemistry,2 Structural Chemistry,3 Statistics, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 070334

Received 14 August 2005/ Returned for modification 4 October 2005/ Accepted 30 December 2005

Cleavage of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) polyprotein by the viral NS3 protease releases functional viral proteins essential for viral replication. Recent studies by Foy and coworkers strongly suggest that NS3-mediated cleavage of host factors may abrogate cellular response to alpha interferon (IFN-{alpha}) (E. Foy, K. Li, R. Sumpter, Jr., Y.-M. Loo, C. L. Johnson, C. Wang, P. M. Fish, M. Yoneyama, T. Fujita, S. M. Lemon, and M. Gale, Jr., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:2986-2991, 2005, and E. Foy, K. Li, C. Wang, R. Sumpter, Jr., M. Ikeda, S. M. Lemon, and M. Gale, Jr., Science 300:1145-1148, 2003). Blockage of NS3 protease activity therefore is expected to inhibit HCV replication by both direct suppression of viral protein production as well as by restoring host responsiveness to IFN. Using structure-assisted design, a ketoamide inhibitor, SCH 503034, was generated which demonstrated potent (overall inhibition constant, 14 nM) time-dependent inhibition of the NS3 protease in cell-free enzyme assays as well as robust in vitro activity in the HCV replicon system, as monitored by immunofluorescence and real-time PCR analysis. Continuous exposure of replicon-bearing cell lines to six times the 90% effective concentration of SCH 503034 for 15 days resulted in a greater than 4-log reduction in replicon RNA. The combination of SCH 503034 with IFN was more effective in suppressing replicon synthesis than either compound alone, supporting the suggestion of Foy and coworkers that combinations of IFN with protease inhibitors would lead to enhanced therapeutic efficacy.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd., Kenilworth, NJ 07033. Phone: (908) 740-3121. Fax: (908) 740-7152. E-mail: george.njoroge{at}spcorp.com.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2006, p. 1013-1020, Vol. 50, No. 3
0066-4804/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.50.3.1013-1020.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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