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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2006, p. 868-873, Vol. 50, No. 3
0066-4804/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.50.3.868-873.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Effects of Lipid Formulations of Amphotericin B on Activity of Human Monocytes against Aspergillus fumigatus

J. Dotis,1 M. Simitsopoulou,1 M. Dalakiouridou,1 T. Konstantinou,1 A. Taparkou,2 F. Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou,2 T. J. Walsh,3 and E. Roilides1,3*

Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece,1 Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Hippokration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece,2 Immunocompromised Host Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 208923

Received 23 July 2005/ Returned for modification 12 September 2005/ Accepted 26 December 2005

The immunomodulatory effects of liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB), amphotericin B lipid complex, and amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) on antifungal activity of human monocytes (MNCs), an important component of antifungal host defense, against Aspergillus fumigatus were compared to those of deoxycholate amphotericin B (DAMB). MNCs from healthy volunteers were incubated with 1 or 5 µg/ml DAMB and 5 or 25 µg/ml lipid formulations for 22 h. Drug-pretreated or untreated MNCs were then washed and assayed for the following: (i) activity against A. fumigatus hyphae by XTT assay at MNC:hypha ratios of 10:1 and 20:1; (ii) production of superoxide anion (O2–) from MNCs in response to hyphae by cytochrome c reduction; (iii) production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and H2O2-dependent intracellular intermediates (DIIs), such as OH– and HOCl, from MNCs in response to A. fumigatus culture supernatant by flow cytometric measurement of dihydrorhodamine-1,2,3 oxidation. With the exception of 1 µg/ml DAMB and 5 µg/ml LAMB or ABCD at 10:1, all amphotericin B formulations at both concentrations and MNC:hypha ratios enhanced MNC-induced damage of A. fumigatus hyphae compared to results with untreated cells (P < 0.01). While MNC O2– production upon hyphal challenge, an early event in oxidative burst, was not affected by the drugs, production of H2O2 and DIIs, late events, were significantly increased by all four drugs (P < 0.01). At clinically relevant concentrations, both conventional amphotericin B and its lipid formulations enhance antihyphal activity of MNCs against A. fumigatus in association with significant augmentation of H2O2 and DIIs but not O2–, further demonstrating the immunomodulatory antifungal activities of these agents.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, GR-546 42 Thessaloniki, Greece. Phone: 30-2310-892444. Fax: 30-2310-992983. E-mail: roilides{at}med.auth.gr.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2006, p. 868-873, Vol. 50, No. 3
0066-4804/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.50.3.868-873.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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