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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, December 2008, p. 4497-4502, Vol. 52, No. 12
0066-4804/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00820-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Drug Resistance Mutation Profile and Accumulation Kinetics in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Individuals Infected with Subtypes B and F Failing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Are Influenced by Different Viral Codon Usage Patterns {triangledown}

A. Waléria-Aleixo,1 A. N. Martins,2 M. B. Arruda,2 R. M. Brindeiro,2 R. M. Da-Silva,3 F. F. Nobre,3 D. B. Greco,1 and A. Tanuri2*

Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Infectious Diseases Service and School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil,1 Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,2 Grupo de Engenharia Genômica, Programa de Engenharia Biomédica/PEB/COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil3

Received 21 June 2008/ Returned for modification 14 August 2008/ Accepted 10 September 2008

The major human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype circulating in Brazil is B, followed by F and C. We have genotyped 882 samples from Brazilian patients for whom highly active antiretroviral therapy failed, and we found subtype B and the unique recombinant B/F1 forms circulating. Due to codon usage variation, there is a significantly lower incidence of the substitutions L210W, Q151M, and F116Y in subtype F1 isolates than in the subtype B counterparts.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Phone: 55-212562-6384. Fax: 55-21-2562-6397. E-mail: atanuri{at}ufrj.com.br

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 6 October 2008.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, December 2008, p. 4497-4502, Vol. 52, No. 12
0066-4804/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00820-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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