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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 2008, p. 735-738, Vol. 52, No. 2
0066-4804/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00990-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Calcineurin Inhibitor Agents Interact Synergistically with Antifungal Agents In Vitro against Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates: Correlation with Outcome in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with Cryptococcosis

Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis,^1* Russell E. Lewis,¹ Barbara D. Alexander,² Olivier Lortholary,³ Françoise Dromer,⁴ Krishan L. Gupta,⁵ George T. John,⁶ Ramon del Busto,⁷ Goran B. Klintmalm,⁸ Jyoti Somani,⁹ G. Marshall Lyon,⁹ Kenneth Pursell,¹⁰ Valentina Stosor,¹¹ Patricia Muoz,¹² Ajit P. Limaye,¹³ Andre C. Kalil,¹⁴ Timothy L. Pruett,¹⁵ Julia Garcia-Diaz,¹⁶ Atul Humar,¹⁷ Sally Houston,¹⁸ Andrew A. House,¹⁹ Dannah Wray,²⁰ Susan Orloff,²¹ Lorraine A. Dowdy,²² Robert A. Fisher,²³ Joseph Heitman,³ Nathaniel D. Albert,¹ Marilyn M. Wagener,²⁴ and Nina Singh^24*

M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas,¹ Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,² Institut Pasteur and Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France,³ Institut Pasteur, Paris, France,⁴ Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,⁵ Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India,⁶ Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan,⁷ Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,⁸ Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia,⁹ University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,¹⁰ Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois,¹¹ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maraón, Madrid, Spain,¹² University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,¹³ University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska,¹⁴ University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia,¹⁵ Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana,¹⁶ University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,¹⁷ University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida,¹⁸ University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada,¹⁹ Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina,²⁰ Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon,²¹ University of Miami, Miami, Florida,²² Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia,²³ VA Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,²⁴

Received 30 July 2007/ Returned for modification 23 September 2007/ Accepted 27 October 2007

Synergistic interactions were observed between CIs and antifungal agents against 53 (90%) of 59 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from solid organ transplant recipients with cryptococcosis and may account for better outcomes in patients with cryptococcosis receiving these immunosuppressive agents.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address for Nina Singh: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 2A 137 Infectious Diseases Section, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA 15240. Phone: (412) 688-6000, ext. 4688. Fax: (412) 688-6950. E-mail: nis5{at}pitt.edu. Mailing address for Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis: M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Box 402, Houston, TX 77030-3930. Phone: (713) 792-6237. Fax: (713) 745-6839. E-mail: dkontoyi{at}mdanderson.org

Published ahead of print on 10 December 2007.

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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 2008, p. 735-738, Vol. 52, No. 2
0066-4804/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00990-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.