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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 2008, p. 735-738, Vol. 52, No. 2
0066-4804/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00990-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Calcineurin Inhibitor Agents Interact Synergistically with Antifungal Agents In Vitro against Cryptococcus neoformans Isolates: Correlation with Outcome in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with Cryptococcosis

Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis,^1* Russell E. Lewis,¹ Barbara D. Alexander,² Olivier Lortholary,³ Françoise Dromer,⁴ Krishan L. Gupta,⁵ George T. John,⁶ Ramon del Busto,⁷ Goran B. Klintmalm,⁸ Jyoti Somani,⁹ G. Marshall Lyon,⁹ Kenneth Pursell,¹⁰ Valentina Stosor,¹¹ Patricia Muoz,¹² Ajit P. Limaye,¹³ Andre C. Kalil,¹⁴ Timothy L. Pruett,¹⁵ Julia Garcia-Diaz,¹⁶ Atul Humar,¹⁷ Sally Houston,¹⁸ Andrew A. House,¹⁹ Dannah Wray,²⁰ Susan Orloff,²¹ Lorraine A. Dowdy,²² Robert A. Fisher,²³ Joseph Heitman,³ Nathaniel D. Albert,¹ Marilyn M. Wagener,²⁴ and Nina Singh^24*

M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas,¹ Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,² Institut Pasteur and Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France,³ Institut Pasteur, Paris, France,⁴ Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,⁵ Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India,⁶ Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan,⁷ Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,⁸ Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia,⁹ University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,¹⁰ Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois,¹¹ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maraón, Madrid, Spain,¹² University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,¹³ University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska,¹⁴ University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia,¹⁵ Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana,¹⁶ University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,¹⁷ University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida,¹⁸ University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada,¹⁹ Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina,²⁰ Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon,²¹ University of Miami, Miami, Florida,²² Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia,²³ VA Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,²⁴

Received 30 July 2007/ Returned for modification 23 September 2007/ Accepted 27 October 2007

Synergistic interactions were observed between CIs and antifungal agents against 53 (90%) of 59 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates from solid organ transplant recipients with cryptococcosis and may account for better outcomes in patients with cryptococcosis receiving these immunosuppressive agents.

Published ahead of print on 10 December 2007.