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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2008, p. 2616-2625, Vol. 52, No. 7
0066-4804/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.01643-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Whole-Genome Pyrosequencing of an Epidemic Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strain Belonging to the European Clone II Group {triangledown} ,{dagger}

Michele Iacono,1 Laura Villa,2 Daniela Fortini,2 Roberta Bordoni,1 Francesco Imperi,3 Raoul J. P. Bonnal,1 Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten,4 Gianluca De Bellis,1 Paolo Visca,3 Antonio Cassone,2 and Alessandra Carattoli2*

National Research Council, Segrate, Milan 20090, Italy,1 Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy,2 Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy,3 Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark4

Received 21 December 2007/ Returned for modification 28 February 2008/ Accepted 8 April 2008

The whole-genome sequence of an epidemic, multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain (strain ACICU) belonging to the European clone II group and carrying the plasmid-mediated blaOXA-58 carbapenem resistance gene was determined. The A. baumannii ACICU genome was compared with the genomes of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 and Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1, with the aim of identifying novel genes related to virulence and drug resistance. A. baumannii ACICU has a single chromosome of 3,904,116 bp (which is predicted to contain 3,758 genes) and two plasmids, pACICU1 and pACICU2, of 28,279 and 64,366 bp, respectively. Genome comparison showed 86.4% synteny with A. baumannii ATCC 17978 and 14.8% synteny with A. baylyi ADP1. A conspicuous number of transporters belonging to different superfamilies was predicted for A. baumannii ACICU. The relative number of transporters was much higher in ACICU than in ATCC 17978 and ADP1 (76.2, 57.2, and 62.5 transporters per Mb of genome, respectively). An antibiotic resistance island, AbaR2, was identified in ACICU and had plausibly evolved by reductive evolution from the AbaR1 island previously described in multiresistant strain A. baumannii AYE. Moreover, 36 putative alien islands (pAs) were detected in the ACICU genome; 24 of these had previously been described in the ATCC 17978 genome, 4 are proposed here for the first time and are present in both ATCC 17978 and ACICU, and 8 are unique to the ACICU genome. Fifteen of the pAs in the ACICU genome encode genes related to drug resistance, including membrane transporters and ex novo acquired resistance genes. These findings provide novel insight into the genetic basis of A. baumannii resistance.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome 00161, Italy. Phone: 39-06-4990-3128. Fax: 39-06-4938-7112. E-mail: alecara{at}iss.it

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 14 April 2008.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aac.asm.org/.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, July 2008, p. 2616-2625, Vol. 52, No. 7
0066-4804/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.01643-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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