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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, December 2009, p. 5095-5101, Vol. 53, No. 12
0066-4804/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00809-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Susceptibilities of Human Cytomegalovirus Clinical Isolates and Other Herpesviruses to New Acetylated, Tetrahalogenated Benzimidazole D-Ribonucleosides {triangledown}

Jae-Seon Hwang,1 Rita Schilf,1 John C. Drach,2,3 Leroy B. Townsend,3 and Elke Bogner1*

Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany,1 Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry,2 Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan3

Received 17 June 2009/ Returned for modification 23 July 2009/ Accepted 16 September 2009

Recently we characterized two inhibitors targeting the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) terminase, 2-bromo-4,5,6-trichloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl) benzimidazole (BTCRB) and 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl) benzimidazole (Cl4RB). The terminase consists of the ATP-hydrolyzing subunit pUL56 and the subunit pUL89 required for duplex nicking. Because mammalian cell DNA replication does not involve cleavage of concatemeric DNA by a terminase, these compounds represent attractive alternative HCMV antivirals. We now have tested these previously identified benzimidazole ribonucleosides in order to determine if they are active against HCMV clinical isolates as well as those of herpes simplex virus type 1, mouse cytomegalovirus, rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Antiviral activity was quantified by measurement of viral plaque formation (plaque reduction) and by viral growth kinetics. Interestingly, both BTCRB and Cl4RB had an inhibitory effect in ganciclovir (GCV)-sensitive and GCV-resistant clinical isolates, with the best effect produced by Cl4RB. Electron microscopy revealed that in cells infected with GCV-sensitive or GCV-resistant isolates, B capsids and dense bodies were formed mainly. Furthermore, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that cleavage of concatenated DNA was inhibited in clinical isolates. In addition, the antiviral effect on other herpesviruses was determined. Interestingly, in plaque reduction assays, BTCRB was active against all tested herpesviruses. The best effects were observed on VZV- and RCMV-infected cells. These results demonstrate that the new compounds are highly active against GCV-resistant and GCV-sensitive clinical isolates and slightly active against other herpesviruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Virologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Phone: 49 30 450525121. Fax: 49 30 450525907. E-mail: elke.bogner{at}charite.de

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 28 September 2009.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, December 2009, p. 5095-5101, Vol. 53, No. 12
0066-4804/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AAC.00809-09
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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