Previous Article | Next Article 
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 2009, p. 735-747, Vol. 53, No. 2
0066-4804/09/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/AAC.00754-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Isolation of VanB-Type Enterococcus faecalis Strains from Nosocomial Infections: First Report of the Isolation and Identification of the Pheromone-Responsive Plasmids pMG2200, Encoding VanB-Type Vancomycin Resistance and a Bac41-Type Bacteriocin, and pMG2201, Encoding Erythromycin Resistance and Cytolysin (Hly/Bac)
Bo Zheng,1,3
Haruyoshi Tomita,1*
Takako Inoue,1 and
Yasuyoshi Ike1,2
Department of Bacteriology,1 Laboratory of Bacterial Drug Resistance, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan,2 Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 10034, China3
Received 9 June 2008/ Returned for modification 18 July 2008/ Accepted 18 November 2008
Eighteen identical VanB-type Enterococcus faecalis isolates that were obtained from different hospitalized patients were examined for their drug resistance and plasmid DNAs. Of the 18 strains, 12 strains exhibited resistance to erythromycin (Em), gentamicin (Gm), kanamycin (Km), tetracycline (Tc), and vancomycin (Van) and produced cytolysin (Hly/Bac) and a bacteriocin (Bac) active against E. faecalis strains. Another six of the strains exhibited resistance to Gm, Km, Tc, and Van and produced a bacteriocin. Em and Van resistance was transferred individually to E. faecalis FA2-2 strains at a frequency of about 10–4 per donor cell by broth mating. The Em-resistant transconjugants and the Van-resistant transconjugants harbored a 65.7-kbp plasmid and a 106-kbp plasmid, respectively. The 106-kbp and 65.7-kbp plasmids isolated from the representative E. faecalis NKH15 strains were designated pMG2200 and pMG2201, respectively. pMG2200 conferred vancomycin resistance and bacteriocin activity on the host strain and responded to the synthetic pheromone cCF10 for pCF10, while pMG2201 conferred erythromycin resistance and cytolysin activity on its host strain and responded to the synthetic pheromone cAD1 for pAD1. The complete DNA sequence of pMG2200 (106,527 bp) showed that the plasmid carried a Tn1549-like element encoding vanB2-type resistance and the Bac41-like bacteriocin genes of pheromone-responsive plasmid pYI14. The plasmid contained the regulatory region found in pheromone-responsive plasmids and encoded the genes prgX and prgQ, which are the key negative regulatory elements for plasmid pCF10. pMG2200 also encoded TraE1, a key positive regulator of plasmid pAD1, indicating that pMG2200 is a naturally occurring chimeric plasmid that has a resulting prgX-prgQ-traE1 genetic organization in the regulatory region of the pheromone response. The functional oriT region and the putative relaxase gene of pMG2200 were identified and found to differ from those of pCF10 and pAD1. The putative relaxase of pMG2200 was classified as a member of the MOBMG family, which is found in pheromone-independent plasmid pHTβ of the pMG1-like plasmids. This is the first report of the isolation and characterization of a pheromone-responsive highly conjugative plasmid encoding vanB resistance.
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Bacteriology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan. Phone: 81-27-220-7990. Fax: 81-27-220-7996. E-mail: tomitaha{at}med.gunma-u.ac.jp
Published ahead of print on 24 November 2008.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 2009, p. 735-747, Vol. 53, No. 2
0066-4804/09/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/AAC.00754-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © 2010 by the American Society for Microbiology. For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»