Previous Article | Next Article 
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, January 2000, p. 181-182, Vol. 44, No. 1
Department of Medical Microbiology,
Fundación Jiménez Díaz,1 and
Centro Nacional de Microbiología,
Majadahonda,2 Madrid, Spain
Received 14 July 1999/Returned for modification 23 August
1999/Accepted 22 October 1999
The antimicrobial activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647) and seven
other antimicrobials against 94 strains of rapidly growing mycobacteria
were determined. Telithromycin at a concentration of 1 µg/ml
inhibited Mycobacterium peregrinum (100%),
Mycobacterium chelonae (80%), Mycobacterium
abscessus-Mycobacterium mucogenicum (44.4%), and
Mycobacterium fortuitum (2.1%). All or most strains of
M. peregrinum, M. fortuitum, and M. mucogenicum were inhibited by 2 µg of quinolones per ml.
Among the rapidly growing
mycobacteria (RGM), the members of the Mycobacterium
fortuitum complex are the species most often associated with human
infections (11). Therapy of these infections is quite
different from the treatment of tuberculosis and also from the
treatment of disease caused by other, slowly growing mycobacteria
(2). There are many differences in the susceptibility of the
members of this group of mycobacteria in published studies, and several
of them revealed that in vitro susceptibility correlates with clinical
response to therapy (10). Here we report a study of the in
vitro susceptibility of these species to some antimicrobials, including
newly developed ones.
A total of 94 (Mycobacterium fortuitum [48 strains],
Mycobacterium chelonae [25 strains], Mycobacterium
mucogenicum [3 strains], Mycobacterium peregrinum
[12 strains], and Mycobacterium abscessus [6 strains])
strains of RGM isolated from clinical samples were tested. Prior to
testing, strains were subcultured, checked for purity, and reidentified
by standard techniques (5).
Telithromycin (HMR 3647), roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin,
levofloxacin, and rifapentine were obtained from Hoechst-Marion-Roussel (Romainville, France); josamycin was obtained from ICN Biomedicals, Inc. (Aurora, Ohio); and ciprofloxacin was obtained from Bayer Corp.
(Barcelona, Spain).
The MICs were determined by a broth microdilution technique
(7). Mycobacteria were grown on blood agar and incubated at 35°C for 4 days in room air. After that, inoculum was prepared directly from blood agar plates in cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth (Difco, Detroit, Mich.) with 0.02% Tween 80 (Difco). Double dilutions of antibiotics were prepared and added to the wells ranging
from 64 to 0.03 µg/ml. The final volume was 0.1 ml. The medium used
was cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth without Tween 80. Plates
were inoculated with a volume of 10 µl for a final concentration of
104 CFU/well; incubated at 35°C in room air; and read at
2, 3, and 4 days.
Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus
aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC
27853 were used as controls. Type strains of M. fortuitum
(ATCC 6841), M. chelonae (ATCC 35752), M. mucogenicum (ATCC 49650), M. peregrinum (ATCC 14467),
and M. abscessus (ATCC 19977) were also studied.
Table 1 shows the MICs of the eight
antimicrobials tested against five species of RGM. The better in vitro
activity of the ketolide telithromycin was against M. peregrinum, M. chelonae, and M. abscessus-M.
mucogenicum. Telithromycin is a new compound of this group of
antimicrobials that has shown a good activity against some
gram-positive microorganisms (6), but to our knowledge, there is no data about the activity of ketolides against RGM. In our
study, the activity of telithromycin was in consonance with the
activity of other macrolides. Except for M. fortuitum strains, telithromycin showed low MICs against a high percentage of
isolates of the other species tested. By weight, it was more active
than josamycin but slightly less active than clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and azithromycin.
0066-4804/0/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
In Vitro Susceptibilities of Rapidly Growing
Mycobacteria to Telithromycin (HMR 3647) and Seven Other
Antimicrobials
ABSTRACT
Top
Abstract
Text
References
TEXT
Top
Abstract
Text
References
TABLE 1.
In vitro activities of telithromycin and seven other
antimicrobial agents against RGM
In the macrolide group of antibiotics, clarithromycin was the most active in vitro compound, antimicrobial activities from the more to the less active compounds ranging from those of roxithromycin and azithromycin to that of josamycin, a finding which agrees with the previous publication by Brown et al. (1). These compounds were not very active in vitro against M. fortuitum strains; however, more than 75% of M. chelonae isolates were inhibited by a concentration lower than 2 µg/ml, and they yielded a good in vitro activity against isolates of M. peregrinum, M. abscessus, and M. mucogenicum.
The in vitro activity of rifapentine against RGM was very poor, and for only three isolates (one each of the following species: M. peregrinum, M. chelonae, and M. fortuitum) were there low MICs. To our knowledge, there is no published data dealing with the activity of rifapentine against RGM, but it is well known that the in vitro activity of rifampin, a related compound, against M. fortuitum complex is also very poor (4).
Levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin had the lowest MICs against M. peregrinum (MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited [MIC90], 0.12 µg/ml) and M. fortuitum (MIC90, 0.25 µg/ml). Levofloxacin was slightly more active in vitro against M. mucogenicum than was ciprofloxacin (MIC90, 1 and 2 µg/ml, respectively), and both quinolones were not very active in vitro against M. chelonae (MIC90, 16 µg/ml). Our data shows a good activity of quinolones against M. fortuitum but a poor activity of these compounds against M. chelonae, a finding also previously reported (3, 12). These compounds also showed lower MICs against M. mucogenicum and M. peregrinum, but against M. abscessus, their activity was very slight, this data being similar to that previously reported in the literature (8, 9).
Although the MICs were read at 48, 72, and 96 h, we present data from 72 h for M. fortuitum and from 96 h for the other species tested. Before this time, the MICs were not clearly read, and for M. fortuitum strains, there was no change in the MICs with a longer incubation.
The susceptibility of RGM varies widely. Some of the infections produced by these organisms could be treated with some oral antimicrobials, but our results show that any isolates should be tested individually. In conclusion, our data shows that quinolones have low MICs against M. fortuitum and M. peregrinum, while macrolides and telithromycin have better in vitro activity against M. chelonae. Data about M. abscessus and M. mucogenicum is inconclusive because of the low number of strains tested in this study. These results should be assessed in the context of in vivo trials.
| |
FOOTNOTES |
|---|
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medical Microbiology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avenida de Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Phone: 34-1-544.73.87. Fax: 34-1-549.47.64. E-mail: fsoriano{at}microb.net.
| |
REFERENCES |
|---|
|
Top
Abstract
Text
References
|
|---|
| 1. |
Brown, B. A.,
R. J. Wallace,
G. O. Onyi,
V. D. Rosas, and R. J. Wallace, III.
1992.
Activities of four macrolides, including clarithromycin, against Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonae, and M. chelonae-like organisms.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
36:180-184 |
| 2. | Horowitz, E. A., and W. E. Sanders. 1995. Other mycobacterium species, p. 2264-2273. In G. L. Mandell, J. E. Bennett, and R. Dolin (ed.), Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases, 4th ed. Churchill Livingstone, New York, N.Y |
| 3. |
Khardori, N.,
H. Nguyen,
B. Rosenbaum,
K. Rolston, and G. P. Bodey.
1994.
In vitro susceptibilities of rapidly growing mycobacteria to newer antimicrobial agents.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
38:134-137 |
| 4. | Koontz, F. P., M. E. Erwin, M. S. Barrett, and R. N. Jones. 1994. Etest for routine clinical antimicrobial susceptibility testing of rapid-growing mycobacteria isolates. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 19:183-186[CrossRef][Medline]. |
| 5. | Metchock, B. G., F. S. Nolte, and R. J. Wallace. 1999. Mycobacterium, p. 399-437. In P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and R. H. Yolken (ed.), Manual of clinical microbiology, 7th ed. ASM Press, Washington, D.C. |
| 6. |
Soriano, F.,
R. Fernández-Roblas,
R. Calvo, and G. García-Calvo.
1998.
In vitro susceptibilities of aerobic and facultative non-spore-forming gram-positive bacilli to HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and 14 other antimicrobials.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
42:1028-1033 |
| 7. |
Swenson, J. M.,
C. Thornsberry, and V. A. Silcox.
1982.
Rapidly growing mycobacteria: testing of susceptibility to 34 antimicrobial agents by broth microdilution.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
22:186-192 |
| 8. |
Wallace, R. J.,
G. Bedsole,
G. Sumter,
C. V. Sanders,
L. C. Steele,
B. A. Brown,
J. Smith, and D. R. Graham.
1990.
Activities of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against rapidly growing mycobacteria with demonstration of acquired resistance following single-drug therapy.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
34:65-70 |
| 9. |
Wallace, R. J.,
V. A. Silcox,
M. Tsukamura,
B. A. Brown,
J. O. Kilburn,
W. R. Butler, and G. Onyi.
1993.
Clinical significance, biochemical features, and susceptibility patterns of sporadic isolates of the Mycobacterium chelonae-like organism.
J. Clin. Microbiol.
31:3231-3239 |
| 10. | Wallace, R. J., J. M. Swenson, V. A. Silcox, and M. G. Bullen. 1985. Treatment of nonpulmonary infections due to Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei on the basis of in vitro susceptibilities. J. Infect. Dis. 152:500-514[Medline]. |
| 11. | Wallace, R. J., J. M. Swenson, V. A. Silcox, R. C. Good, J. A. Tschen, and M. S. Stone. 1983. Spectrum of disease due to rapidly growing mycobacteria. Rev. Infect. Dis. 5:657-679[Medline]. |
| 12. |
Watt, G.
1997.
In-vitro sensitivities and treatment of less common mycobacteria.
J. Antimicrob. Chemother.
39:567-574 |
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, January 2000, p. 181-182, Vol. 44, No. 1
0066-4804/0/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
This article has been cited by other articles:
-
Fernandez-Roblas, R., Martin-de-Hijas, N. Z., Fernandez-Martinez, A. I., Garcia-Almeida, D., Gadea, I., Esteban, J.
(2008). In Vitro Activities of Tigecycline and 10 Other Antimicrobials against Nonpigmented Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
52: 4184-4186
[Abstract] [Full Text] -
Conte, J. E. Jr., Golden, J. A., Kipps, J., Zurlinden, E.
(2004). Steady-State Plasma and Intrapulmonary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cethromycin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
48: 3508-3515
[Abstract] [Full Text] -
Yang, S.-C., Hsueh, P.-R., Lai, H.-C., Teng, L.-J., Huang, L.-M., Chen, J.-M., Wang, S.-K., Shie, D.-C., Ho, S.-W., Luh, K.-T.
(2003). High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria in Taiwan. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
47: 1958-1962
[Abstract] [Full Text] -
Braback, M., Riesbeck, K., Forsgren, A.
(2002). Susceptibilities of Mycobacteriummarinum to Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Linezolid, Moxifloxacin, Telithromycin, and Quinupristin-Dalfopristin (Synercid) Compared to Its Susceptibilities to Reference Macrolides and Quinolones. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
46: 1114-1116
[Abstract] [Full Text] -
Rastogi, N., Goh, K. S., Berchel, M., Bryskier, A.
(2000). In Vitro Activities of the Ketolides Telithromycin (HMR 3647) and HMR 3004 Compared to Those of Clarithromycin against Slowly Growing Mycobacteria at pHs 6.8 and 7.4. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
44: 2848-2852
[Abstract] [Full Text]
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology. For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»