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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, April 1998, p. 885-888, Vol. 42, No. 4
0066-4804/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Double-Blind Evaluation of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Oral Once-Daily 750-Milligram and 1-Gram Doses of Levofloxacin in Healthy Volunteers

Shu-Chean Chien, Frank A. Wong, Cynthia L. Fowler, Susan V. Callery-D'Amico, R. Rex Williams, Ramchandra Nayak, and Andrew T. Chow*

The R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Raritan, New Jersey 08869

Received 26 November 1996/Returned for modification 1 July 1997/Accepted 20 January 1998

The safety and pharmacokinetics of once-daily oral levofloxacin in 16 healthy male volunteers were investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Subjects were randomly assigned to the treatment (n = 10) or placebo group (n = 6). In study period 1, 750 mg of levofloxacin or a placebo was administered orally as a single dose on day 1, followed by a washout period on days 2 and 3; dosing resumed for days 4 to 10. Following a 3-day washout period, 1 g of levofloxacin or a placebo was administered in a similar fashion in period 2. Plasma and urine levofloxacin concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by model-independent methods. Levofloxacin was rapidly absorbed after single and multiple once-daily 750-mg and 1-g doses with an apparently large volume of distribution. Peak plasma levofloxacin concentration (Cmax) values were generally attained within 2 h postdose. The mean values of Cmax and area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24) following a single 750-mg dose were 7.1 µg/ml and 71.3 µg · h/ml, respectively, compared to 8.6 µg/ml and 90.7 µg · h/ml, respectively, at steady state. Following the single 1-g dose, mean Cmax and AUC0-24 values were 8.9 µg/ml and 95.4 µg · h/ml, respectively; corresponding values at steady state were 11.8 µg/ml and 118 µg · h/ml. These Cmax and AUC0-24 values indicate modest and similar degrees of accumulation upon multiple dosing at the two dose levels. Values of apparent total body clearance (CL/F), apparent volume of distribution (Vss/F), half-life (t1/2), and renal clearance (CLR) were similar for the two dose levels and did not vary from single to multiple dosing. Mean steady-state values for CL/F, Vss/F, t1/2, and CLR following 750 mg of levofloxacin were 143 ml/min, 100 liters, 8.8 h, and 116 ml/min, respectively; corresponding values for the 1-g dose were 146 ml/min, 105 liters, 8.9 h, and 105 ml/min. In general, the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in healthy subjects following 750-mg and 1-g single and multiple once-daily oral doses appear to be consistent with those found in previous studies of healthy volunteers given 500-mg doses. Levofloxacin was well tolerated at either high dose level. The most frequently reported drug-related adverse events were nausea and headache.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1000 Route 202 South, Raritan, NJ 08869-0620. Phone: (908) 704-4057. Fax: (908) 253-0448. E-mail: achow{at}prius.jnj.com.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, April 1998, p. 885-888, Vol. 42, No. 4
0066-4804/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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