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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, August 1998, p. 1923-1930, Vol. 42, No. 8
0066-4804/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Ciprofloxacin Induces an Immunomodulatory Stress Response in Human T Lymphocytes

Kristian Riesbeck,* Arne Forsgren, Agnethe Henriksson, and Anders Bredberg

Department of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden

Received 9 February 1998/Returned for modification 13 May 1998/Accepted 3 June 1998

Exposure of cells to adverse environmental conditions invokes a genetically programmed series of events resulting in the induction of specific genes. The fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin has recently been reported to upregulate interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene induction. In the present investigation, the effect of ciprofloxacin at supratherapeutic concentrations on immediate-early (<2 h) gene expression in primary human peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied with Northern blots. In addition, transcriptional activity of IL-2 and metallothionein enhancer and promoter regions and transcription factors AP-1, NF-kappa B, and NF-AT were analyzed by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, respectively. The concentration of c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, junB, and fra-1 mRNAs was increased in activated peripheral blood lymphocytes incubated with ciprofloxacin compared to that in untreated controls. Ciprofloxacin increased CAT activity in stimulated lymphocytes transfected with plasmids containing either the IL-2 or metallothionein enhancer. Furthermore, among the transcription factors tested, AP-1 activity was increased in stimulated purified T helper lymphocytes incubated with ciprofloxacin compared to drug-free controls. Taken together, ciprofloxacin increased the levels of immediate-early transcripts, enhanced IL-2 and metallothionein promoter induction, and upregulated AP-1 concentrations in primary lymphocytes, reflecting a program commonly observed in mammalian stress responses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden. Phone: 46-40-331340. Fax: 46-40-336234. E-mail: kristian.riesbeck{at}mikrobiol.mas.lu.se.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, August 1998, p. 1923-1930, Vol. 42, No. 8
0066-4804/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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