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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, August 1998, p. 1980-1984, Vol. 42, No. 8
0066-4804/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

CTX-M-5, a Novel Cefotaxime-Hydrolyzing beta -Lactamase from an Outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium in Latvia

Patricia A. Bradford,1,* Youjun Yang,1 Daniel Sahm,2,dagger Ilze Grope,3 Dace Gardovska,3 and Gregory Storch4

Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Pearl River, New York1; St. Louis Children's Hospital and Barnes Jewish Hospital2 and Washington University School of Medicine,4 St. Louis, Missouri; and Children's Hospital Medical Academy of Latvia, Riga, Latvia3

Received 12 February 1998/Returned for modification 22 April 1998/Accepted 3 June 1998

At a children's hospital in Riga, Latvia, isolates identified as Salmonella typhimurium were found to be resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. Two of the resistant strains were analyzed for the mechanism of cephalosporin resistance. Isoelectric focusing revealed a common beta -lactamase with a pI of 8.8. In addition, one of the strains produced a pI 7.6 beta -lactamase. A transconjugant producing only the pI 7.6 enzyme was susceptible to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins; therefore, this enzyme was most likely SHV-1. Transformants producing only the pI 8.8 beta -lactamase were resistant to cefotaxime and aztreonam but were susceptible or intermediate to ceftazidime. A substrate profile determined spectrophotometrically with purified enzyme revealed potent activity against cefotaxime, with a relative kcat value of 95 (benzylpenicillin equal to 100). The enzyme showed lower relative kcat values for ceftazidime (3.3) and aztreonam (9.3). In addition, the enzyme was inhibited by clavulanate, sulbactam and tazobactam, with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 19, 100, and 3.4 nM, respectively. These results indicated the presence of an unusual extended-spectrum beta -lactamase. The gene expressing the pI 8.8 beta -lactamase was cloned. Nucleotide sequencing revealed a beta -lactamase gene that differs from the gene encoding CTX-M-2, which also originated from S. typhimurium, by 11 nucleotides, 4 of which result in amino acid substitutions: Ala27Thr, Val230Gly, Glu254Ala, and Ile278Val. These results indicated the presence of a novel extended-spectrum beta -lactamase, designated CTX-M-5, that specifically confers resistance to cefotaxime.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Wyeth-Ayerst Research, 401 N. Middletown Rd., Pearl River, NY 10965. Phone: (914) 732-4396. Fax: (914) 732-5671. E-mail: bradfop{at}war.wyeth.com.

dagger Present address: MRL Pharmaceutical Services Inc., Reston, Virginia.


Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, August 1998, p. 1980-1984, Vol. 42, No. 8
0066-4804/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.



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