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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, January 1999, p. 187-189, Vol. 43, No. 1
0066-4804/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Identification of an Efflux Pump Gene, pmrA, Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Martin J. Gill,1,2,* Nigel P. Brenwald,2 and Richard Wise2

Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT,1 and Department of Microbiology, City Hospital NHS Trust, Birmingham B18 7QH,2 United Kingdom

Received 17 July 1998/Returned for modification 2 October 1998/Accepted 28 October 1998

An open reading frame (ORF) homologous to norA was insertionally inactivated with cat in a fluoroquinolone-resistant pneumococcus with an efflux phenotype; this inactivation caused reversion to drug sensitivity. The ORF product has 24% amino acid sequence identity each to NorA and Bmr, which suggests that it is a major facilitator system pump of the 12-transmembrane-segment class.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Infection, University of Birmingham Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 121 414 3634. Fax: 44 121 414 3454. E-mail: m.j.gill{at}bham.ac.uk.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, January 1999, p. 187-189, Vol. 43, No. 1
0066-4804/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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