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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, November 2000, p. 3008-3011, Vol. 44, No. 11
0066-4804/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

A Comparative In Vitro Surveillance Study of Gemifloxacin Activities against 2,632 Recent Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from across Europe, North America, and South America

D. J. Hoban,1,* S. K. Bouchillon,1 J. A. Karlowsky,1 J. L. Johnson,1 D. L. Butler,2 L. A. Miller,2 J. A. Poupard,2 and The Gemifloxacin Surveillance Study Research Group

Laboratories International for Microbiology Studies, Rolling Meadows, Illinois,1 and Department of Anti-Infectives, Research and Development, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, Pennsylvania2

Received 12 May 2000/Returned for modification 13 June 2000/Accepted 5 August 2000

From 1997 to 1999, 94 study centers in 15 European, 3 North American, and 2 South American countries contributed 2,632 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to an international antimicrobial susceptibility testing study. Only 62.0% of isolates were susceptible to penicillin, while 22.3% were penicillin intermediate and 15.6% were penicillin resistant. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (24.4%), azithromycin (26.0%), and clarithromycin (27.1%) was also highly prevalent. For the penicillin-resistant isolates (n = 411), the MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (MIC90s) for gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin were 0.03, 1, 2, >16, and >64 µg/ml, respectively. Similarly, for isolates resistant to both azithromycin and clarithromycin (n = 649), gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and penicillin MIC90s were 0.03, 1, 2, and 4 µg/ml, respectively. Overall rates of resistance to trovafloxacin (0.3%), levofloxacin (0.3%), grepafloxacin (0.6%), and ofloxacin (0.7%) were low. For ofloxacin-intermediate and -resistant isolates (n = 142), gemifloxacin had the lowest MIC90 (0.12 µg/ml) compared to the MIC90s of trovafloxacin (0.5 µg/ml), grepafloxacin (1 µg/ml), and levofloxacin (2 µg/ml). For all S. pneumoniae isolates tested, gemifloxacin MICs were <= 0.5 µg/ml, suggesting that gemifloxacin has the potential to be used as a treatment for pneumococcal infections, including those arising from isolates resistant to beta -lactams and macrolides.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: International Health Management Associates, Inc., West Meadows Business Park, 1675 Winnetka Circle, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008. Phone: (847) 577-9135. Fax: (847) 577-7192. E-mail: dhoban{at}ihmainc.com.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, November 2000, p. 3008-3011, Vol. 44, No. 11
0066-4804/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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