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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, December 2001, p. 3427-3432, Vol. 45, No. 12
The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Institute
and Department of Pathology1 and
Department of Microbiology and
Immunology,2 The Milton S. Hershey Medical
Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; Department of
Obstetrics-Gynecology, University of Arkansas Medical School, Little
Rock, Arkansas 722053; and Section of
Obstetrics-Gynecology Research, Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical
Center, Chicago, Illinois 606124
Received 1 June 2001/Returned for modification 7 August
2001/Accepted 10 September 2001
The high-molecular-weight sulfated or sulfonated polysaccharides or
polymers cellulose sulfate, dextran sulfate, and polystyrene sulfonate were tested for microbicidal activity against bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) and human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11)
and type 40 (HPV-40). In vitro assays included the BPV-1-induced focus-forming assay and transient infection of human A431 cells with
HPVs. The compounds were tested for microbicidal activity directly by
preincubation with virus prior to addition to cell cultures and
indirectly by addition of virus to compound-treated cells and to
virus-coated cells to test inactivation of the virus after virus-cell
binding. The data indicated that all three compounds showed
direct microbicidal activity with 50% effective concentrations between
10 to 100 µg/ml. These concentrations were nontoxic to cell cultures
for both assays. When a clone of C127 cells was tested for microbicidal
activity, approximately 10-fold-less compound was required to achieve a
50% reduction in BPV-1-induced foci than for the uncloned parental
C127 cells. Pretreatment of cells with compound prior to addition of
virus also demonstrated strong microbicidal activity with dextran
sulfate and polystyrene sulfonate, but cellulose sulfate required
several orders of magnitude more compound for virus inactivation.
Polystyrene sulfonate prevented subsequent infection of HPV-11 after
virus-cell binding, and this inactivation was observed up to 4 h
after addition of virus. These data indicate that the polysulfated and
polysulfonated compounds may be useful nontoxic microbicidal compounds
that are active against a variety of sexually transmitted disease
agents including papillomaviruses.
0066-4804/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.45.12.3427-3432.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Papillomavirus Microbicidal Activities of
High-Molecular-Weight Cellulose Sulfate, Dextran Sulfate, and
Polystyrene Sulfonate
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Jake Gittlen
Cancer Research Institute and Departments of Pathology and of
Microbiology and Immunology, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PA 17033. Phone: (717) 531-6185. Fax: (717)
531-5634. E-mail: ndc1{at}psu.edu.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, December 2001, p. 3427-3432, Vol. 45, No. 12
0066-4804/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.45.12.3427-3432.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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