This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Clemons, K. V.
Right arrow Articles by Stevens, D. A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Clemons, K. V.
Right arrow Articles by Stevens, D. A.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2001, p. 686-689, Vol. 45, No. 3
0066-4804/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AAC.45.3.686-689.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Efficacy of Recombinant Gamma Interferon for Treatment of Systemic Cryptococcosis in SCID Mice

Karl V. Clemons,* Jon E. Lutz, and David A. Stevens

Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, and California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California 95128, and Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305

Received 6 January 2000/Returned for modification 16 July 2000/Accepted 25 October 2000

We have previously shown that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma ) is a useful adjunct to therapy of experimental systemic cryptococcosis in normal mice. To better emulate AIDS patients, SCID mice were infected intravenously with Cryptococcus neoformans. Mice received no therapy, 3 mg of amphotericin B (AmB) per kg of body weight, or 105 U of IFN-gamma alone (prophylactically and therapeutically or only therapeutically) or with AmB. In the first experiment, >75% of the mice survived. Therapy with AmB alone was efficacious compared to no therapy in all organs. Both regimens of IFN-gamma alone were efficacious in the brain and lungs, and the combination of AmB and IFN-gamma showed significant synergy in the kidneys. AmB alone cured 40% of mice of infection, whereas the combination regimens cured >50% of the mice and 90% of the brain infections. In a second study, IFN-gamma again proved efficacious alone, and when given with AmB its efficacy was improved. Therapeutic IFN-gamma alone was effective only in the liver compared to no therapy, and the combination regimen, although highly effective, showed no significant synergy. In a third experiment, AmB alone or in combination with IFN-gamma prolonged survival compared to no therapy or IFN-gamma alone. The combination regimen showed significant synergy over AmB alone in the brain, liver, kidneys, and lungs. AmB alone cured no mice of infections in more than two organs, whereas AmB in combination with IFN-gamma cured 55% of infections in three or more organs. These results indicate that IFN-gamma has therapeutic efficacy in severely immunodeficient animals, especially in combination with AmB. Significant synergistic activity was noted in all organs except the spleen. Overall, IFN-gamma has utility as an adjunctive therapy against systemic cryptococcosis in the severely immunocompromised host.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, 751 South Bascom Ave., San Jose, CA 95128. Phone: (408) 998-4557. Fax: (408) 998-2723. E-mail: Karl.Clemons{at}slip.net.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, March 2001, p. 686-689, Vol. 45, No. 3
0066-4804/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AAC.45.3.686-689.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Rodriguez, M. M., Calvo, E., Marine, M., Pastor, F. J., Fernandez-Ballart, J., Guarro, J. (2009). Efficacy of Liposomal Amphotericin B Combined with Gamma Interferon or Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor for Treatment of Systemic Zygomycosis in Mice. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 3569-3571 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Voelz, K., Lammas, D. A., May, R. C. (2009). Cytokine Signaling Regulates the Outcome of Intracellular Macrophage Parasitism by Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun. 77: 3450-3457 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zaragoza, O., Alvarez, M., Telzak, A., Rivera, J., Casadevall, A. (2007). The Relative Susceptibility of Mouse Strains to Pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans Infection Is Associated with Pleiotropic Differences in the Immune Response. Infect. Immun. 75: 2729-2739 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zhou, Q., Gault, R. A., Kozel, T. R., Murphy, W. J. (2007). Protection from Direct Cerebral Cryptococcus Infection by Interferon-{gamma}-Dependent Activation of Microglial Cells. J. Immunol. 178: 5753-5761 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lindell, D. M., Moore, T. A., McDonald, R. A., Toews, G. B., Huffnagle, G. B. (2005). Generation of Antifungal Effector CD8+ T Cells in the Absence of CD4+ T Cells during Cryptococcus neoformans Infection. J. Immunol. 174: 7920-7928 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kitching, A. R., Turner, A. L., Semple, T., Li, M., Edgtton, K. L., Wilson, G. R., Timoshanko, J. R., Hudson, B. G., Holdsworth, S. R. (2004). Experimental Autoimmune Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis: A Protective Role for IFN-{gamma}. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15: 1764-1774 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Maffei, C. M. L., Mirels, L. F., Sobel, R. A., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. (2004). Cytokine and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase mRNA Expression during Experimental Murine Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis. Infect. Immun. 72: 2338-2349 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»