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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, April 2001, p. 1137-1142, Vol. 45, No. 4
0066-4804/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AAC.45.4.1137-1142.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Identification of Genes Induced by a Macrophage Activator, S-28463, Using Gene Expression Array Analysis

Sureemas Buates and Greg Matlashewski^*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4, and Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, St. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9

Received 12 September 2000/Returned for modification 8 December 2000/Accepted 22 January 2001

S-28463 and imiquimod are imidazoquinoline compounds which stimulate microbicidal activity by inducing a local immune response at the site of application. Imiquimod-containing cream is an effective clinical treatment against cervical warts caused by human papillomavirus infection. Imiquimod also induces leishmanicidal activity both in vitro in macrophages and in vivo in a mouse model for cutaneous leishmaniasis. The major target cells of S-28463 and imiquimod are macrophages. To explore the molecular basis in which imidazoquinolines generate macrophage microbicidal activity, a cDNA gene array analysis was undertaken to identify genes induced by S-28463. Out of 588 genes screened in this assay, only 13 genes were significantly induced by S-28463. Remarkably, virtually all of the induced genes are involved in macrophage activation and inflammatory response. This experimental approach defines the mechanism of action of this clinically relevant compound in the induction of microbicidal activity in macrophages and also potentially identifies novel genes associated with microbicidal activity in this cell type.

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^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University St., Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada. Phone: (514) 398-3912. Fax: (514) 398-7052. E-mail: greg_matlashewski{at}maclan.mcgill.ca.

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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, April 2001, p. 1137-1142, Vol. 45, No. 4
0066-4804/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AAC.45.4.1137-1142.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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