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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, April 2001, p. 1151-1161, Vol. 45, No. 4
0066-4804/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.45.4.1151-1161.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Novel Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing
-Lactamase, KPC-1,
from a Carbapenem-Resistant Strain of Klebsiella
pneumoniae
Hesna
Yigit,1
Anne Marie
Queenan,2
Gregory J.
Anderson,1
Antonio
Domenech-Sanchez,3
James W.
Biddle,1
Christine D.
Steward,1
Sebastian
Alberti,4
Karen
Bush,2 and
Fred C.
Tenover1,*
Hospital Infections Program, National Center
for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, Georgia 303331; The R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Raritan, New Jersey
088692; and Unidad de Investigacion,
Hospital Son Dureta, Andrea Doria, Palma de Mallorca,
07014,4 and Área de
Microbiologia, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Crtra. Valldemosa,
Palma de Mallorca, 07071,3 Spain
Received 19 September 2000/Returned for modification 21 November
2000/Accepted 23 January 2001
A Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate showing moderate to
high-level imipenem and meropenem resistance was investigated. The MICs of both drugs were 16 µg/ml. The
-lactamase activity against imipenem and meropenem was inhibited in the presence of clavulanic acid. The strain was also resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. Isoelectric focusing studies demonstrated three
-lactamases, with pIs of 7.2 (SHV-29), 6.7 (KPC-1), and 5.4 (TEM-1). The presence of blaSHV and
blaTEM genes was confirmed by specific PCRs and
DNA sequence analysis. Transformation and conjugation studies with
Escherichia coli showed that the
-lactamase with a pI of
6.7, KPC-1 (K. pneumoniae carbapenemase-1), was encoded on
an approximately 50-kb nonconjugative plasmid. The gene,
blaKPC-1, was cloned in E. coli and
shown to confer resistance to imipenem, meropenem, extended-spectrum
cephalosporins, and aztreonam. The amino acid sequence of the novel
carbapenem-hydrolyzing
-lactamase, KPC-1, showed 45% identity to
the pI 9.7 carbapenem-hydrolyzing
-lactamase, Sme-1, from
Serratia marcescens S6. Hydrolysis studies showed that
purified KPC-1 hydrolyzed not only carbapenems but also penicillins,
cephalosporins, and monobactams. KPC-1 had the highest affinity for
meropenem. The kinetic studies also revealed that clavulanic acid and
tazobactam inhibited KPC-1. An examination of the outer membrane
proteins of the parent K. pneumoniae strain demonstrated
that the strain does not express detectable levels of OmpK35 and
OmpK37, although OmpK36 is present. We concluded that carbapenem
resistance in K. pneumoniae strain 1534 is mainly due to
production of a novel Bush group 2f, class A, carbapenem-hydrolyzing
-lactamase, KPC-1, although alterations in porin expression may also
play a role.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Nosocomial
Pathogens Laboratory Branch (G08), Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333. Phone: (404) 639-3375. Fax: (404) 639-1381. E-mail: fnt1{at}cdc.gov.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, April 2001, p. 1151-1161, Vol. 45, No. 4
0066-4804/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.45.4.1151-1161.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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Lee, K., Lim, Y. S., Yong, D., Yum, J. H., Chong, Y.
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Miriagou, V., Tzouvelekis, L. S., Rossiter, S., Tzelepi, E., Angulo, F. J., Whichard, J. M.
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Majiduddin, F. K., Palzkill, T.
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Smith Moland, E., Hanson, N. D., Herrera, V. L., Black, J. A., Lockhart, T. J., Hossain, A., Johnson, J. A., Goering, R. V., Thomson, K. S.
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Poirel, L., Heritier, C., Podglajen, I., Sougakoff, W., Gutmann, L., Nordmann, P.
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Steward, C. D., Mohammed, J. M., Swenson, J. M., Stocker, S. A., Williams, P. P., Gaynes, R. P., McGowan, J. E. Jr., Tenover, F. C.
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Poirel, L., Weldhagen, G. F., Naas, T., De Champs, C., Dove, M. G., Nordmann, P.
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