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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 2002, p. 2779-2783, Vol. 46, No. 9
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.9.2779-2783.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Different Levels of Genetic Homogeneity in Vancomycin-Resistant and -Susceptible Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Different Human and Animal Sources Analyzed by Amplified-Fragment Length Polymorphism

Nienke Bruinsma,1 Rob J. L. Willems,2 Anthony E. van den Bogaard,1 Marga van Santen-Verheuvel,2 Nancy London,1 Christel Driessen,1 and Ellen E. Stobberingh1*

Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht,1 Research Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands2

Received 22 August 2001/ Returned for modification 18 December 2001/ Accepted 20 May 2002

The genetic relationship among fecal vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) and vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium (VSEF) isolates (n = 178) from the same populations of pigs, human healthy volunteers, and hospitalized patients (from The Netherlands) and chickens (from The Netherlands and Greece) was studied by amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). The majority of VREF isolates from pigs, healthy volunteers, and hospitalized patients grouped together (genetic similarity, >=65%). In a previous AFLP study by our group the VREF isolates from hospitalized patients grouped separately, most likely because these were clinical and not fecal isolates as in the present study. Furthermore, VSEF isolates from humans and pigs were found much more genetically diverse than VREF isolates, whereas VREF and VSEF isolates from chickens clustered together in a separate genogroup (genetic similarity, >=65%), a pattern clearly distinct from the patterns for human and pig isolates. The present study suggests that pigs are a more important source of VREF for humans than chickens and that human- and pig-derived VSEF isolates seem much more heterogeneous than VREF isolates.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University Hospital Maastricht, Medical Microbiology, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-43-3874644. Fax: 31-43-3876643. E-mail: EST{at}lmib.azm.nl.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, September 2002, p. 2779-2783, Vol. 46, No. 9
0066-4804/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.9.2779-2783.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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